考虑光伏不确定性影响的高速公路光储换一体化能源管理策略

Energy management strategy of integrated photovoltaic-storage-swapping on highways considering influence of photovoltaic uncertainty

针对光伏出力不确定因素影响下的高速公路能源管理,分别从确定性光伏出力和不确定性光伏出力2个维度,研究了夏季晴朗日、黄金周和冬季雨雪日3种不同条件的出行场景在并网单一电价和并网分时电价下的光储换一体化的服务区电动汽车换电问题;以光伏自洽率最大和经济效益最高为目标函数,以微电网功率平衡以及供需两端用能特性为约束,建立了考虑光伏不确定因素的高速公路光储换一体化能源管理优化问题模型;考虑到传统遗传算法收敛速率慢、局部搜素能力差与易陷入“早熟”的缺点,提出了一种基于精英保留策略和快速非支配排序策略的改进多目标量子遗传算法。研究结果表明:夏季晴朗日、黄金周和冬季雨雪日的出行场景在考虑不确定性和确定性影响的光伏出力2种情形下皆可保证电动车换电需求,在场景气象条件限制下可再生能源利用率达到10.31%~78.27%,并取得较好的日经济效益,同时在夏季晴朗日、黄金周和冬季雨雪日光储换一体化服务区的CO_(2)排放量分别下降了62.5%、41.3%和10.3%;从并网用电模式角度考量,分时电价与单一电价相比,其光伏自洽率和碳减排量无显著差异,但日经济效益提升10%,因而分时电价方案比单一单价方案具有更高的性价比。

In view of the energy management of highways under the influence of uncertain factors of photovoltaic power generation,the issue of swapping electric vehicles in the service area ensuring integrated photovoltaic-storage-swapping was studied under three scenarios,featuring summer sunny days,golden weeks,and winter snowy days in terms of the grid-connected single electricity price and grid-connected time-of-use electricity price from two dimensions:deterministic and uncertain photovoltaic power generation.Taking the maximum photovoltaic self-consistency rate and highest economic benefit as the objective function,constrained by the microgrid power balance and energy consumption characteristics at both supply and demand ends,an optimization model for energy management of integrated photovoltaic-storage-swapping on highways was established by considering the uncertain factors of photovoltaic power generation.To address the shortcomings of traditional genetic algorithms,such as slow convergence rate,poor local search ability,and easy falling into prematurity,an improved multi-objective quantum genetic algorithm based on elite retention strategy and fast non-dominated sorting strategy was proposed.Research results show that the three scenarios featuring summer sunny days,golden weeks,and winter snowy days,can ensure the charging and swapping demands of electric vehicles with consideration for both deterministic and uncertain photovoltaic power generation.Under the constraint of weather conditions in each scenario,the renewable energy utilization rates can reach 10.31%-78.27%with better daily economic benefit.In addition,CO_(2)emissions in service areas ensuring integrated photovoltaic-storage-swapping on three scenarios reduce by 62.5%,41.3%,and 10.3%,respectively.From the perspective of grid-connected electricity consumption mode,the photovoltaic self-consistency rate and carbon emission reduction have no significant difference in terms of single electricity price and time-of-use electricity price.However,the daily economic benefit of time-of-use electricity price increases by 10%,so the time-of-use electricity price scheme has a higher cost performance than the single electricity price scheme.9 tabs,11 figs,31 refs.