港口多能源融合系统综述

Review on multi-energy integration systems in ports

调研了当前国内外港口风能、太阳能、氢能及其他清洁能源应用现状,评估了多种自然资源禀赋特征,结合港口用能类型与负荷特性,分析了直流并网、交流并网、交直流混联并网3种微电网系统架构和不同储能方式特性;针对风光储氢多能源融合系统整体架构及其“源-网-荷-储”网络架构的特点,提出了多能源融合系统融合模式、匹配方法、能源捕获、安全保障、运行控制等关键技术。研究结果表明:当前清洁能源在港口中存在应用形式单一、利用率较低的特点,港口负荷的能源需求形式多样,采用风光储氢多能源融合系统能够较好地满足港口负荷需求,并克服单一能源的缺点;港口多能源融合模式与架构需要综合考虑港口的实际情况进行个性化设计,一般采用多准则决策的方法来确定最优的能源融合形式,并采用基于多目标优化的方法,综合考虑安全、环境与经济等多种因素确定各个能源的容量;在具体的能源种类选择上,风、光发电结合电解水制氢比较适用于港口的实际应用场景,但需要对氢气的制、注、储、供等关键设备与安保技术进行适配研究;港口负荷和风、光发电都具有随机性,因此,需要研究新的多层次能源管理策略,以优化多能源融合系统的能源调度与负荷匹配,确保多能源融合系统能够安全、稳定、经济地运行。

The current application statuses of wind,solar,hydrogen,and other clean energy in global ports were investigated.A variety of natural resource endowment characteristics were assessed.Based on the types of energy consumption and load characteristics at ports,three microgrid system architectures including DC grid connection,AC grid connection,and AC/DC hybrid grid connection were analyzed,as well as the characteristics of various energy storage methods.In view of the comprehensive architecture of a multi-energy integration system featuring wind,solar and hydrogen storage and the characteristics of its"source-grid-load-storage"network architecture,the key technologies of integration modes,matching methods,energy capture,security guarantees,and operational controls for the multi-energy integration system were summarized.Research results show that the application of clean energy at ports is characterized by single application form and low utilization rate.The energy demand forms of port load are diverse.The application of a multi-energy integration system composed of wind,solar and hydrogen storage units can satisfy the load demand at ports and overcome the shortcomings of single energy source.The mode and architecture of multi-energy integration at ports need to be designed according to the actual situation of the port.Generally,the multi-criteria decision-making approach can be used to determine the optimal energy integration mode,and the multi-objective optimization is adopted to determine the capacity of energy by comprehensively considering security,environment,economy,and other factors.In terms of the selection of specific energy types,wind and solar power generation combined with hydrogen production through the electrolysis of water is partly suitable for practical application scenarios at ports.However,it is necessary to study the adaptation of key equipment and security technologies for hydrogen production,refueling,storage,and supply.Both load and power generation from wind and solar energy are stochastic.Therefore,it is necessary to study new multi-level energy management strategies to optimize the energy dispatching and load balance of the multi-energy integration system and ensure that the system can operate safely,stably,and economically.