改革开放以来我国校外培训机构管理政策变迁的动力分析——基于多源流理论视角

An Analysis of the Driving Forces behind the Changes in Management Policies of Off-Campus Training Institutions in China since the Reform and Opening up——From the Perspective of Multi-Source Flow Theory

多源流理论对分析政策变迁具有较强的解释力,相关研究证明该理论与我国教育政策环境相互适切。基于多源流理论视角,分析改革开放以来我国校外培训机构管理政策变迁发现:校外培训参与及产生的家庭教育投入负担、校外培训机构侵权以及社会大众多渠道反馈催生问题源流;构建良好教育生态的公众诉求、家校社协同育人的政策导向以及地方校外培训治理的有益经验凝聚政治源流;人大代表等提案建议、专家学者理论探索以及新闻报道形成政策源流。三流汇聚促成政策之窗开启,同时重构了校外培训机构治理的政策环境。研究建议基于中国政策背景开展本土化研究,把握“政策之窗”开放期,关注校外培训机构的规范运营,推进校外培训分类治理的实践探索。

The multiple streams theory has strong explanatory power for analyzing policy changes,and relevant studies have shown that this theory is mutually relevant to the education policy environment in China.Based on the perspective of multiple streams theory,analyzing the changes in the management policies of extracurricular training institutions in China since the reform and opening up,it is found that the participation in extracurricular training and the resulting burden of family education investment,infringement by extracurricular training institutions,and multi-channel feedback from the general public have given rise to problem stream.The public demand for building a good education ecosystem,the policy orientation of family school community collaborative education,and the beneficial experience of local off-campus training governance have condensed the political stream.Proposals and suggestions from National People’s Congress deputies,theoretical explorations by experts and scholars,and news reporting form the policy stream.The convergence of the three streams has facilitated the opening of a policy window,while also reconstructing the policy environment for the governance of off-campus training institutions.It is recommended to conduct localization research based on the background of Chinese policies,grasp the opening period of the“policy window”,pay attention to the standardized operation of off-campus training institutions,and promote practical exploration of classified governance of off-campus training.