基于老年用户需求的浴缸产品设计与评价

Design and evaluation of bathtub products based on the needs of elderly users

为提高老年浴缸产品的舒适度和安全性,基于老年用户需求对浴缸产品进行设计和评价。通过线上线下收集适老化浴缸产品的需求词汇,采用亲和图法(KJ)进行老年人需求进行分析,并将其与情感化设计三层次理论对应;采用李克特七级量表法进行72份问卷调查进行词汇初步筛选,结合模糊层次分析法(FAHP)将老年用户需求进行量化处理和权重排序,并根据老年用户需求排序结果设计出3款浴缸方案;利用逼近理想解(TOPSIS),计算出各方案的正负理想解和相对贴近度,选出最优解方案。研究表明,将KJ-FAHP-TOPSIS模型运用在老年浴缸产品设计中,通过需求权重和设计评估综合考虑多个因素,能够有效地满足老年用户对浴缸产品的多维需求,使设计方案更加科学合理。

In order to improve the level of product safety and comfort,bathtub products were designed and evaluated based on the needs of elderly users.Needs-related vocabulary of age-friendly bathtub products was collected through both online and offline channels.With such vocabulary,the affinity diagram(KJ)was employed to analyze the needs of the elderly in alignment with the three levels of the emotional design theory.72 responses from a questionnaire with 7-point Likert Scale were employed to screen the vocabulary preliminarily.With the help of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(FAHP),such needs were quantified and weight-sorted,and three bathtub designs were produced accordingly.The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)was used to calculate the positive and negative ideal solutions as well as the relative closeness of each design,for the sake of the optimal one.Results show that the KJ-FAHP-TOPSIS model for elderly bathtub products,which considers various factors by prioritizing need weighting and evaluating the designs,could make design solutions more reasonable by meeting the multidimensional needs of elderly users regarding bathtub products.