福州都市圈自然保护地空间分布特征分析

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Overlapping Relationship Analysis of Protected Areas in Fuzhou Metropolitan Area

自然保护地整合优化的目的是有序解决自然保护地空间重叠、边界不清、分割破碎等问题。以福州都市圈自然保护地(自然保护区、森林公园、湿地公园、海洋公园和地质公园)为研究对象,应用地理集中指数及空间重叠和相邻分析方法,探讨研究区各保护地空间分布情况。结果表明:①福州都市圈范围内有自然保护区、森林公园、湿地公园、海洋公园和地质公园等5种自然保护地共74个,其中森林公园的数量最多(43个)、湿地公园的数量最少(1个);自然保护区总面积最大(117822.2 hm^(2)),而湿地公园面积最小(277.5 hm^(2))。②福州都市圈范围内自然保护地整体上呈现分散式的分布格局,森林公园、自然保护区、地质公园、海洋公园和湿地公园的地理集中指数依次为34.7、14.3、3.0、2.1和1.2。③从福州都市圈内各地市来看,福州市自然保护地数量最多(31个),福州市和宁德市两地是福州都市圈自然保护地最为集中的区域。④福州都市圈内自然保护地有11处存在空间交叉重叠,有15处自然保护地空间上相邻,森林公园与自然保护区间的交叉重叠和接壤最为典型。⑤有43处自然保护地存在由多个碎片化斑块组成,而非一个独立完整的自然斑块的情况,数量占都市圈总数的58.11%。研究结果可为福州都市圈保护地进行整合和优化,优化保护地管理协作机制,增强保护地管理的科学性和有效性提供参考。

Solving the spatial overlap,unclear boundaries and fragment of protected areas is the key purpose of the integration and optimization.Taking the protected areas in the Fuzhou metropolitan area as the research object,geographic concentration index,the spatial overlap and adjacency analysis were applied to explore the spatial distribution and spatial overlap or adjacency of each protected area in the study area.The results show that:①There are a total of 74 protected areas of five types,including nature reserves,forest parks,geoparks,wetland parks and ocean parks,in the protected areas of the Fuzhou metropolitan area,among which the number of forest parks is the largest(43)and the number of wetland parks minimum(1).The total area of protected areas is the largest(117822.2 hm^(2)),while the area of wetland parks is the smallest(277.5 hm^(2)).②The protected areas in the metropolitan area are distributed in a distributed pattern as a whole.The geographical concentration indices of forest parks,nature reserves,geoparks,ocean parks and wetland parks are 34.7,14.3,3.0,2.1,and 1.2.③From the perspective of cities in the Fuzhou metropolitan area,Fuzhou has the largest number of natural reserves(31),and Fuzhou and Ningde are the areas with the most concentrated natural reserves in the Fuzhou metropolitan area.④There are 11 protected areas in the Fuzhou metropolitan area that overlap in space,and 15 protected areas are spatially adjacent.Overlapping and bordering in forest parks and nature reserves are the most typical.⑤There are 43 protected areas that are composed of multiple fragmented patches rather than an independent and complete natural patch,accounting for 58.11%of the total number of metropolitan areas.The research results can provide reference for the integration and optimization,optimizing cooperation and management mechanism,enhancing the scientific and effective management of protected areas.