2013—2022年辽宁省沈阳市输入性疟疾流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in Shenyang,Liaoning Province from 2013 to 2022

为了解辽宁省沈阳市输入性疟疾流行情况,收集国家传染病报告信息管理系统中2013—2022年沈阳市输入性疟疾报告病例数据和个案流调资料,采用描述性流行病学方法分析沈阳市输入性疟疾病例疟疾类型、人群、时间和输入来源分布等特征。结果显示,2013—2022年沈阳市共报告输入性疟疾176例,2016年和2018年报告病例数最多,均为25例(14.2%),2022年报告病例数最少,为5例(占2.8%),报告病例数呈下降趋势。病例类型以恶性疟为主(152例),占86.4%(152/176),卵形疟、间日疟、三日疟分别占7.4%(13/176)、4.5%(8/176)、1.7%(3/176)。男性报告病例168例(占95.5%),女性报告病例8例(占4.5%),男女性别比为21∶1。报告病例年龄主要集中在40~49岁(34.1%,60/176)。2013—2022年全年均有病例报告,其中9月份报告病例数最多,为20例(占11.4%),季节性不明显。输入来源地涉及3个洲28个国家,以非洲国家为主,占95.6%(168/176)。提示沈阳市应继续加强输入性疟疾监测和病例处置,加强出入境人员健康教育,防止输入再传播,巩固消除疟疾成果。

To understand the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in Shenyang,data on im‑ported malaria cases and case investigations reported in Shenyang from 2013 to 2022 were collected from the Na‑tional Diseases Reporting Information System and analyzed the type,population,time and source of imported malaria cases in Shenyang using descriptive epidemiological methods.A total of 176 imported malaria cases were reported in Shenyang from 2013 to 2022.The number of reported cases was the highest in 2016 and 2018,both at 25 cases(14.2%),while it was the lowest in 2022,at 5 cases(2.8%),with a decreasing trend.The majority of the reported cases were falciparum malaria(152 cases),accounting for 86.4%.Ovale malaria,vivax malaria and malariae malaria accounted for 7.4%(13/176),4.5%(8/176)and 1.7%(3/176)respectively.There were 168 reported cases among males(accounting for 95.5%),and 8 reported cases among females(accounting for 4.6%),with a male‑to‑female ratio of 21∶1.The age of the reported cases was mainly in the age groups of 40-49 years(60 cases,34.1%).Cases were reported throughout the year from 2013 to 2022,with the highest number of cases reported in September(12 cases,11.4%).There was no obvious seasonal pattern.The sources of reported cases involved 28 countries from 3 conti‑nents,mainly from African countries,accounting for 95.6%(168/176).It suggested Shenyang should continue to strengthen the monitoring and case management of imported malaria,as well as enhancing the health education for en‑try‑exit personnel,so as to prevent the re‑transmission of imported malaria and consolidate the achievements of ma‑laria elimination.