有机氮磷阻燃剂与聚磷酸铵协同阻燃水性聚氨酯在汽车革中的应用

Application of Organic Nitrogen and Phosphorus Flame Retardant and Ammonium Polyphosphate Synergistic Flame Retardant Waterborne Polyurethane in Automobile Leather

为改善汽车座垫革易燃的问题,本文将制备出的两种氮磷阻燃剂分别用于水性聚氨酯(WPU)预聚阶段制得阻燃聚氨酯乳液Ⅰ(DT-WPU)和Ⅱ(DP-WPU),并将水性聚氨酯乳液Ⅰ、Ⅱ按比例混合后加入适量聚磷酸铵(APP)制备出有机氮磷阻燃剂与APP协同阻燃的水性聚氨酯。将阻燃WPU分别应用到皮革涂饰的底涂和中涂阶段,通过对阻燃后的皮革进行拉伸强度、极限氧指数(LOI)、热重分析(TGA)等测试确定了其最佳添加条件:中涂时添加150份9%DT-WPU@5%DP-WPU@1%APP替代中软E339。测试发现,经过阻燃皮革的LOI值可以达到23.1%,较传统中涂加入中软E339工艺提高了1.3%,垂直燃烧可达UL-94 V-0级,且燃烧过程无熔滴产生。TGA也表明阻燃水性聚氨酯的加入提升了皮革的阻燃性能。

In order to improve the flammability of automobile cushion leather,two kinds of nitrogen and phosphorus flame retardants were used to prepare flame retardant polyurethane emulsions I(DT-WPU)andⅡ(DP-WPU)in the prepolymerization stage of waterborne polyurethane(WPU).Waterborne polyurethane emulsions I andⅡwere mixed in proportion and added with an appropriate amount of ammonium polyphosphate(APP)to prepare organic ni⁃trogen and phosphorus flame retardants and APP synergistic flame retardant waterborne polyurethane.The flame re⁃tardant WPU was applied to the primer and middle coating stages of leather finishing.The optimum addition condi⁃tions were determined by tensile strength,limiting oxygen index(LOI),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and other tests on the flame retardant leather:150 parts of 9%DT-WPU@5%DP-WPU@1%APP were added to replace Zhongruan E339 in the middle coating.It is found that the LOI value of the flame retardant leather can reach 23.1%,which is 1.3%higher than that of the traditional process of adding medium soft E339.The vertical combustion can reach UL-94 V-0 level,and there is no droplet formation in the combustion process.TGA also showed that the addi⁃tion of flame retardant waterborne polyurethane improved the flame retardant properties of leather.