木槿的性状与显微鉴别研究

Traits and microscopic identification of Hibiscus syriaous Linn.var.syriacus.

目的为了建立木槿(原变种)Hibiscus syriaous Linn.var.syriacus.的生药学鉴别方法,为木槿的鉴别及质量评价提供依据。方法采用性状及显微鉴别的方法,对木槿的性状特征、叶轴和叶的组织结构以及药材粉末的显微特征进行研究。结果叶菱形至三角状卵形,具深浅不同的3裂或不裂,基部楔形,先端钝,边缘具不整齐齿缺。花单生于枝端叶腋间,花萼钟形,密被星状短绒毛,裂片5;花钟形,淡紫色,花瓣倒卵形。叶的横切面中可见上表皮细胞长方形,下表皮细胞较小,叶、茎中均可见草酸钙簇晶。花的粉末当中可见花粉粒、星状毛、腺毛、淀粉粒等显微特征。结论该研究完善了木槿的性状特征和显微特征,所建立的鉴别方法操作简单,准确可靠,可为该品种的鉴定以及资源的进一步开发利用提供理论依据。

Objective To establish a method for the pharmacological identification of Hibiscus syriaous Linn.var.syriacus.in order to provide a basis for the identification of Hibiscus syriaous Linn.var.syriacus and the evaluation of the quality of Hibiscus syriacus.Methods Trait and microscopic identification of Hibiscus syriaous Linn.var.syriacus was carried out to study the trait characteristics,the histological structure of the leaf rachis and leaves as well as the microscopic characteristics of the powdered herb.Re sults Leaves rhombic to triangular-ovate,3-lobed or undivided,base cuneate,apex obtuse,margin irregularly dentate.Flowers solitary in leaf axils at branch tips,calyx campanulate,densely stellate downy,lobes 5;flowers campanulate,lavender,petals obovate.The upper epidermal cells are oblong,the lower epidermal cells are smaller,and the calcium oxalate clusters are seen in the leaves and stems.Pollen grains,stellate hairs,glandular hairs,starch grains,and other microscopic features can be seen in the powder of flowers.Conclusion The study has improved the traits and microscopic characteristics of Hibiscus sabdariffa,and the identification method established is simple,accurate and reliable,which can provide theoretical basis for the identification of this species and the further development and utilisation of resources.