东风4型内燃机车制动电阻烧损故障分析及处理

Analysis and Treatment of Brake Resistance Burning Failure of Dongfeng 4 Diesel Locomotive

内燃机车是当今铁路运输中必不可少的载运装备,减少机车故障、提高运用效率对运输生产有着非常重要的意义。东风4型内燃机车是校企合作企业主力牵引机型,制动电阻烧损故障发生频繁,特别是在长大下坡道使用电阻制动后故障尤为突出。文章按照故障树分析理念,基于企业实际,从现象出发逐级逐条系统分析东风4型内燃机车电阻制动烧损的原因,发现列车在制动过程中产生大量铁粉。在电阻制动使用过程中,轴流风机吸入空气的同时将铁粉带入电阻制动装置电阻带箱体内部。在电磁效应下,被磁化的铁粉聚集在电阻带箱体内部,造成机车制动电阻烧损。为此,在通风口加装磁力棒以吸附经通风机吸入的铁粉,从而减少电阻制动烧损现象。经统计,编号3678机车加装磁力棒后故障率下降了87.5%。

Diesel locomotive is an indispensable equipment in today’s railway transportation.Reducing locomotive failure and improving operation efficiency are of great significance to transportation production.Dongfeng 4 diesel locomotive is the main traction model of school-enterprise cooperation enterprises,brake resistance burnout failure occurs frequently,especially when resistance braking is used on long downhill slopes.Based on the concept of fault tree analysis and the actual situation of enterprises,this paper systematically analyzes the causes of resistance brake burning of DF-4 diesel locomotive step by step from the phenomenon,and finds that a large amount of iron powder is generated during braking.In the process of resistance braking,the axial fan draws air and brings iron powder into the resistance belt housing of the resistance braking device.Under the electromagnetic effect,the magnetized iron powder accumulates inside the resistance belt box,causing the brake resistance of locomotive to burn out.To this end,a magnetic rod is installed in the vent to absorb the iron powder inhaled by the fan,thereby reducing the resistance brake burning phenomenon.According to statistics,the failure rate of locomotive No.3678 is reduced by 87.5% after the installation of magnetic rods.