有机固废生物转化制备高附加值中链脂肪酸研究进展

Advances in bioconversion of organic solid wastes for the preparationof high-value medium-chain fatty acids

鉴于有机固废产量随工业化和城市化推进而逐年增长,有机固废资源化成为当前生态环境保护领域的研究热点。其中,利用微生物碳链延长技术将有机固废转化为高附加值的中链脂肪酸(Medium-Chain Fatty Acids,MCFAs)备受关注。该技术既能解决当前紧迫的环境污染问题,又能提升产品的经济价值,兼具环保和经济性双重优势,符合我国减污降碳和无废城市建设的要求。综述了有机固废生物转化制备MCFAs的厌氧发酵和碳链延长技术的反应机理以及关键微生物,分析了影响合成效率的主要因素,包括pH、温度、底物类型与浓度、水力停留时间(HRT)、固体停留时间(SRT)以及其他影响因素,总结了有机固废生产MCFAs所面临的底物生物利用难、电子供体缺乏、高效产酸体系构建难和产物分离提取难题等挑战,并提出相应解决策略,为今后相关领域的发展研究提出了建议。

With increasing industrialization and urbanization,organic solid wastes production is rising.Resource utilization of these wastes has become an emerging area of research in ecological and environmental protection.Among various approaches,utilizing organic solid waste as a fermentation substrate for microbial carbon chain elongation technology to produce valuable medium-chain fatty acids(MCFAs)is gaining significant interest.This technology not only addresses pressing environmental pollution problems but also enhances product value,offering both environmental protection and economic benefits.It aligns perfectly with China′s policies on pollution reduction,carbon mitigation,and the development of waste-free cities.The review focuses on the reaction mechanisms and key microorganisms involved in the anaerobic fermentation and carbon chain elongation technologies for the bioconversion of organic solid wastes to prepare MCFAs.The main factors affecting the synthesis efficiency,including pH,temperature,substrate type and concentration,hydraulic retention time(HRT),solid retention time(SRT),and other factors are analyzed.Furthermore,the challenges associated with the production of MCFAs from organic solid wastes,such as the limited bioavailability of the substrate,the lack of electron donors,the complexity of constructing a high-efficiency acid-producing system,and the issues related to product separation and extraction,are summarized.Finally,this review provides suggestions for future research and development in related fields.