含油污泥处理处置相关规范性文件分析

Analysis of relevant normative documents on oil sludge treatment and disposal

含油污泥是油气行业的重要废弃物,由油、水、固三相混杂而成,因含有石油烃、重金属、多环芳烃等易燃性和毒性物质而被列为危险废物,且其产量随着非常规油气资源开采占比的增加而增加。近年来,含油污泥相关的法律法规、政策指南、标准等规范性文件不断更新和发布,对处理处置技术的研发、筛选及市场推广等方面具有重要指导意义。因此,在收集整理了58份规范性文件的基础上,对比了历版《国家危险废物名录》中对含油污泥种类的划分及限定,总结了含油污泥最新分类及属性鉴别方法,归纳了国家及地方关于油气勘探开发环境保护的管理条例,分析了污染防治技术政策和危险废物环境管理指南,梳理了国家、行业和地方标准,并绘制了含油污泥处理处置技术流程图,同时给出了进一步完善规范性文件的建议。研究结果可为含油污泥的环境管理、工艺选择及处理处置技术的研发等提供参考和启发。

Oily sludge,a mixture of oil,water and solid,is an important waste generated from the oil and gas industry.It is usually classified as hazardous waste because it contains inflammable and toxic substances,such as petroleum hydrocarbons,heavy metals,and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.It is expected that the amount of produced oily sludge will continue to increase due to the increasing exploitation of unconventional oil and gas resources.In the past few years,normative documents related to oily sludge have been increasingly updated and published,including the laws and regulations,policy guidelines,and standards.These documents are important for all aspects of oily sludge treatment and disposal technology,such as research and development,screening,and commercialization.Therefore,a total of 58 normative documents have been searched and collected.Based on these,the classification and definition of oily sludge types in the past editions of the National Hazardous Waste List are compared.Furthermore,the latest classification and characteristics identification process are summarized,and the national and local management regulations on environmental protection of oil and gas exploration and development are listed.The pollution prevention technology policy and the environmental management guide for hazardous waste are analyzed,with all national,industrial,and local standards discussed.Finally,a schematic diagram of the technical process for oily sludge treatment and disposal is drawn,and suggestions are given for further improvement of the normative documents.The results can provide reference and inspiration for environmental management,process selection,and research and development of treatment and disposal technology.