人类世生态危机与“地球系统治理”——基于马克思主义生态学的反思与回应

Ecological Crises of the Anthropocene and“Earth System Governance”:Reflection and Response Based on Marxist Ecology

在人类世境遇下,面向日益加剧的全球性生态危机,“地球系统治理”的倡导者试图凭借新兴的社会技术力量,在不同治理规模上调节和把控人类对地球系统的干预。尽管“地球系统治理”在全球制度建构方面具有一定的参考性,但是因其隐含的技术崇拜和威权主义倾向,未能对造成全球性生态危机的政治经济根源展开分析,而无法成为全球性生态危机治理的首选方案。对此,从马克思主义生态学出发回应“地球系统治理”,不仅可以补充对资本主义作为全球性生态危机驱动力的结构性批判,还可以在此基础上提出一种超越资本主义的替代性治理方案。从当下来看,以人类命运共同体理念为基础的全球性生态危机治理的中国方案,遵循“共同但有区别的责任”原则,旨在以对话、协商和合作的方式,在人类世境遇下实现全球性生态危机的有效治理。

In the context of the Anthropocene and faced with the growing global ecological crises,advocates of“Earth System Governance”have attempted to intervene in the Earth system at different scales of governance by means of emerging socio-technical forces.Although“Earth System Governance”has certain references in terms of global institution building,it cannot be the preferred solution to global ecological crises because of its implicit technological cult and authoritarian tendencies,as well as its failure to analyze the political-economic root causes of global ecological crises.However,responding to“Earth System Governance”from the perspective of Marxist ecology can complement structural critiques of capitalism as a driver of global ecological crises.For this reason,the Chinese proposal for the management of global ecological crises,based on the concept of“a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind”,follows the principle of“common but differentiated responsibilities”and aims to realize the effective management of global ecological crises through dialogue,consultation and cooperation.