理想之光与沉闷的阴霾——对大变革时期生命与心灵的观照

The Light of Ideal and the Gloom of Frustration:The Care for Life and Mind in the Time of Turbulent Transformation

近代以来中国所发生的一系列社会变迁使得身处其中的理想追求者常因理想求而未得而烦闷与孤独,他们不得不在时代与社会限定的结构下来探索化解烦闷与孤独的路径。本文以梁济、潘晓、江绪林这三个处于不同时代的理想追求者为切入点,考察他们面对理想受到时代条件的制约时所呈现的心力困顿,解析归隐传统的实践条件何以演变,家与朋友作为安全阀机制如何失灵,以及在此结构下理想追求者化解困顿的努力。他们或是从传统中寻求可转换的资源(如道义)来予以涵养,或是在新的时代从心灵诉求中寻找可安顿的新资源(如自我),或是在西方的知识/社会传统中寻找可以为当下中国借鉴的资源(如正义与责任)。这些努力本质上是在各种主义之下探寻国家、民族未来之路的延续。

A series of social changes that took place in modern Chinese society often made the unfulfilled ideal seekers anxious and lonely,which further forced them to seek for the solutions of easing those anxiety and loneliness under the constraints of their time and society.By taking three ideal seekers in different eras,Liang Ji,Pan Xiao,and Jiang Xulin,as examples,this paper examined three seekers'profound frustrations as their ideals were defeated by their time,and analyze the practice conditions of reclusion tradition,the failure of family and social network as safety valves,as well as the efforts of the ideal seekers in resolving their frustrations.They either sought convertible resources(such as morality)from Chinese tradition for nourishment,or tried to find new resources(such as in the self)from spiritual settlement in the new era,or looked to Western intellectual and social traditions(such as justice and responsibility)for enlightenment on current China.In essence,theirs efforts are a continued pursuit of different ideologies for the future path of Chinese state and nation.