现代化进程中统筹独立自主与对外开放的中国经验和理论

China's Experience and Theory of Maintaining Independence and Self-Reliance While Opening up in the Modernization Process

当代发展中国家面临的一个共同问题是,如何既通过对外开放走向世界市场和现代化,又保持自己的独立性。中国式现代化成功地回答了这个时代命题,从而使中国的对外开放经验具有了世界性的开创性意义。中国的对外开放与独立自主、自力更生相统一是世人公认的事实。国内改革与对外开放相结合、探索自主渐进式开放规律、利用外资以外商直接投资为主、发展对外贸易的同时更重视激发内生动力、以开放促进其他国家发展,是这个事实的主要特点和基本经验;中国共产党领导的坚强政治主体、中国特色社会主义制度体系、以实体经济为中心的现代产业体系、开放型经济治理体系是中国发展开放型经济对其他发展中国家的理论启示。贯穿其中的一个基本点就是中国的问题必须从中国基本国情出发,由中国人自己通过实践来实现制度创新和理论创新。

The common problem which contemporary developing countries face is how to move toward the world market and modernization through opening up while maintaining their independence.Chinese modernization offers such a successful model that China's experience of opening up has the groundbreaking significance in the world.In China's pursuit of modernization,reform and opening-up are the inevitable choice and its distinctive symbol,and how to open up and integrate into economic globalization are also the common problems facing other developing countries on their way to modernization.Therefore,it's worth research that what wisdom and solutions with global impact China's opening up has produced.In this regard,the Third Plenary Session of the 2o"CPC Central Committee pointed out clearly that“opening up is a defining feature of Chinese modernization.We must remain committed to the basic state policy of opening to the outside world and continue to promote reform through opening up",and that“in foreign relations,China remains firmly committed to pursuing an independent foreign policy of peace".This means that in the process of modernization,developing countries must maintain independence and self-reliance while opening up to the outside world.The main features and basic experience of Chinese modernization include the domestic reform and opening-up,the exploration of the law of independent and gradual opening up,the utilization of foreign capital mainly in the form of foreign direct investment,the development of foreign trade with more emphasis on stimulating the internal driving forces.The strong political body under the leadership of the CPC,the socialist system with Chinese characteristics,the modern industrial system centered on the real economy,and the open economic governance system are the theoretical revelations of China's open economy for other developing countries.The basic point through all is China's issues must start from the basic national conditions,and it is up to the Chinese themselves to realize institutional and theoretical innovations through practice.Since the founding of New China,China has been actively working with other countries around the world in economy and trade,and since the adoption of the reform and opening-up policy,it has rapidly integrated into global economic system,entering a new stage of opening up.Since the 18th CPC National Congress,China has raised the level of its open economy in all aspects,successively putting forward the Belt and Road Initiative and"building a new open economic system at a higher level,"so that raising the level of opening up to a new height.In this process,China has safeguarded its national sovereignty,independently formulated its foreign policy,opposed hegemony,and safeguarded world peace.Economically,China has independently explored development paths and formulated economic development strategies,opened up on the basis of self-reliance,and has always kept the economic lifelines in its own hands.First,the main investment in Chinese economy has always come from its own accumulation and capital.Second,external demand has played an important role in China's employment,technological progress and participation in the international market,but domestic demand remains the most fundamental factor influencing economic growth.Third,trade surplus doesn't account for a large proportion of China's GDP,and trade surplus is not the primary source of China's investment.Fourth,foreign-funded enterprises have played an important role in China's economic development,but they are still auxiliary in China's huge industrial economic system,and China's industrial economy is still dominated by homegrown state-owned and private enterprises.Fifth,China has always adhered to an independent and self-reliable monetary policy,and has advanced the RMB exchange rate reform according to the stage of economic development.Sixth,China has insisted on expanding opening up while improving its national security system at the same time.While opening more sectors up,China has maintained independence and self-reliance and has gradually formed an ever-improving open economic system with Chinese characteristics.The main lessons learned are as below:the Chinese path of trade liberalization is that reform and opening up are mutually reinforcing;it's necessary to explore a path and development model of progressive opening up.The use of foreign capital mainly comes from foreign direct investment,and the control on the scale of foreign debt is strict,the development of foreign trade need not only the role of foreign-funded enterprises,but also the cultivation of domestic demand;it is necessary to emphasize the benefit to China and its trading partners while ensuring national independence and self-reliance in the process of opening up.In this process,China has formed the basic theory of maintaining independence and self-reliance while opening up to the outside world.the strong political body under the leadership of the CPC is the political prerequisite;the leadership of the CPC is the distinct hallmark of Chinese modernization and the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics;the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is the profound foundation for the unification of opening up and independence and self-reliance;the industrial system centering on the real economy is the economic foundation of the formation of a new development pattern in which the domestic economy is the mainstay and mutually reinforces with the international economy;and the open economic governance system and governance capacity are the firewall against the risks ofthe world economy.Opening up is of great significance for Chinese modernization,which has successfully unified opening up and independence,self-confidence and self-reliance,creating a new model for human advancement and promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.This is the wisdom and solutions that the CPC and Chinese people propose for solving the common problems facing mankind,and it is a source of inspiration and reference for other developing countries in choosing and exploring their path of modernization according to their national conditions.