集体成员诉权的组织法配置:法理、实践和解释性构造

Judicial Examination and Litigation Disposition of the Rules of Collective Members'Right of Revocation

《农村集体经济组织法》从体系性视角初步构建集体成员诉权机制,但仍然存在粗疏遗漏和诉权克减现象。运用组织法逻辑配置集体成员诉权并构设诉讼规则,纵向维度上应当尊重其不同诉讼阶段动态递进的三阶构造,横向维度上适用以诉讼目的为依据划分形成的三种类型。《农村集体经济组织法》主要沿着以撤销权保护成员权益、以代表诉权保护组织权益、以行政行为监督决议合法性的进路展开,尚存撤销诉讼规则错裂、代表诉讼规则疏漏、决议纠纷可诉性不明的问题,在司法实践的具体适用仍有极大解释空间。应结合集体成员诉权原理构设侵权诉讼、代表诉讼和决议诉讼,通过出台司法解释或法官采取扩张性解释拓展细化具体规则。

The Rural Collective Economic Organization Law has initially established a litigation rights mechanism for collective members from a systemic perspective,yet there remain issues of incomplete and diminished litigation rights.By employing organizational logic,the law allocates litigation rights to collective members and establishes corresponding litigation rules.Vertically,the law should acknowledge the dynamic and progressive three-tier structure at different stages of litigation;horizontally,it should apply the three types of litigation formed based on the purpose of the action.The Rural Collective Economic Organization Law has evolved along a path that protects members'rights and interests through the right of cancellation,safeguards the interests of organizations with the right of representative litigation,and upholds the legitimacy of resolutions through administrative remedies.However,there are still challenges such as the fragmented right of cancellation,oversights in the rules of representative litigation,and ambiguity regarding the justiciability of resolution disputes,leaving considerable room for interpretation in judicial practice.Representative litigation,tort litigation,and resolution litigation should be established in accordance with the principle of collective members'right to action.The rules governing these should be expanded and refined through the issuance of judicial interpretations or by judges adopting an expansive interpretation approach.