水稻驯化与中华文明的起源——中国地理教学中的思政教育

Rice Domestication and the Origins of Chinese Civilization:Ideological Education in the Teaching of Chinese Geography

作为世界文化遗产,良渚文化确证了中华民族的5 000年文明史.这与水稻的起源密切有关.水稻起源的讨论始于19世纪,由瑞士植物学家阿方斯·德康多尔基于文献证据认为起源于中国和印度,历经不同国家学者的反复认证,起源于长江中下游已成基本共识.大致说来,水稻起源于10 000年前的长江中下游,后历经尝鲜、补充,直到5 000年前才正式成为当地食物供应的主体.大体上,10 000年前的上山遗址,表明了水稻的驯化和稻作农业的起源,仍然处在最初阶段.到了7 000~8 000年前的河姆渡文化时期,人类社会依然处于由采集狩猎向稻作农业社会的转变过程中,人类还没有进入到真正的稻作农业社会阶段.良渚文化时期,中国的长江下游地区已经进入到了稻作农业社会阶段,完成了从采集狩猎向稻作农业的转变过程.水稻和小麦为全球两大主粮.约10 000年前,小麦起源于两河流域,后扩散至埃及和印度河流域.在四大古文明中,唯有中华文明的生产基础是水稻,其余三个文明均是小麦.从西至东,古埃及文明、古两河文明、古印度文明以及中华文明(良渚文化),非常巧合的是它们均恰好位于北纬30°线上,体现出5 000年前古代文明出现的规律性.

As a world cultural heritage,the Liangzhu culture confirms the 5000-years civil history of the Chinese people.It is closely related to the origin of rice.Discussions on the origin of rice began in the 19th century,with Swiss botanist Alphonse de Condor arguing,based on documentary evidence,that it originated in China and India,and after repeated authentication by scholars from different countries,the origin of rice in the Middle and Lower reaches of the Yangtze River has become a basic consensus.Roughly speaking,rice originated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River 10000 years ago,and it was not until 5000 years ago that it officially became a mainstay of the local food supply,having been tasted and supplemented.By and large,10000 years ago,the Shangshan site,indicated the domestication of rice and the origin of rice agriculture.It was still in the initial stage.By the time of the Hemudu culture period,7000-8000 years ago,human society had been still in the process of transformation from a gathering and hunting to a rice-farming society,and human beings had not yet entered the stage of a true rice-farming society.During the Liangzhu period,the Lower Reaches of the Yangtzi River in China had already entered the stage of rice agriculture society.It has completed the transformation process from gathering and hunting to rice agriculture.As we all know,rice and wheat are the two major staple foods in the world.About 10000 years ago,wheat originated in the Mesopotamain Basin and late spread to Egypt and the Indus Valley.In other words,among the four major ancient civilizations,only the Chinese civilization was based on rice,while the other three were based on wheat.From west to east,Ancient Egyptian civilization,Mesopotamian civilization,Ancient Indian civilization,and Chinese civilization(Liangzhu culture)were all coincidentally located on the 30th parallel of north latitude,which reflects the regularity of the emergence of ancient civilizations 5000 years ago.