综合洪水风险管理理念下防洪法的防洪管理体制机制优化

Optimization of flood control management system and mechanism of the Flood Control Law under concept of integrated flood risk management

综合洪水风险管理是风险社会人类更好地防御洪水风险的基本要求,也是综合水资源管理的组成部分。党的二十大报告等政策文件和《中华人民共和国长江保护法》《中华人民共和国黄河保护法》等的出台实施、新一轮政府机构改革和丰富的防洪实践、域外经验积累等为《中华人民共和国防洪法》的修订贯彻综合洪水风险管理理念、优化防洪管理体制机制提供了政法依据和实践基础。具体优化路径如下:健全防洪管理体制,包括明确领导部门和职能部门的职责,夯实行政首长和政府的职责,建立部门协同机制和省际协同机制,建立重要水系的全流域协调机制,设立专家咨询委员会和社会互助机制等;强化蓄滞洪区建管体制机制,在明确蓄滞洪区管理体制的基础上,建立蓄滞洪区全过程风险管控机制,改进蓄滞洪区的运用补偿和扶持救助制度;优化防洪规划和防洪标准制度,尤其是建立定期审查和更新制度;新建非工程防洪制度,如建立重要水系的子流域防洪规划、洪水风险图编制、洪水保险等制度。

Integrated flood risk management is a basic requirement for human beings to better defend against flood risks in a risk society,and it is also an integral part of integrated water resources management.The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and other policy documents,the promulgation and implementation of the People’s Republic of China Yangtze River Protection Law and t he People’s Republic of China Yellow River Protection Law,a new round of government reform,rich flood prevention practices,and extraterritorial experience accumulation have provided a political and legal basis and practical basis for the implementation of the concept of integrated flood risk management and the optimization of the flood control management system and mechanism in the revision of the People’s Republic of China Flood Control Law.The specific optimization path is as follows:firstly,improve the flood prevention management system,including clarifying the responsibilities of leading departments and functional departments,consolidating the responsibilities of administrative heads and governments,establishing departmental coordination mechanisms and inter-provincial coordination mechanisms,establishing basin-wide coordination mechanisms for important water systems,and setting up expert advisory committees and social mutual assistance mechanisms.Secondly,strengthen the system and mechanism for the construction and management of flood storage and detention areas,establish a whole-process risk management and control mechanism for flood storage and detention areas on the basis of clarifying the management system of flood storage and detention areas,and improve the compensation and support and rescue systems for the use of flood storage and detention areas.Thirdly,optimize the system of flood prevention planning and flood prevention standards,in particular the establishment of a system of periodic review and updating.Lastly,establish new non-engineering flood prevention systems,such as the establishment of flood prevention planning for sub-basins of important water systems,the preparation of flood risk maps,and flood insurance systems.