微生物菌剂添加对猪粪堆肥氮素转化的影响

Microbial Inoculum Influences Nitrogen Transformation During Pig Manure Composting

为探索猪粪与水稻秸秆混合堆肥过程中贝莱斯芽孢杆菌LH-3对氨气减排及氮素保留的促进作用,研究设置接种LH-3菌剂的试验组与未接种菌剂的对照组,分析菌剂添加对堆肥腐熟及氮素转化的影响。结果显示:两组堆肥均能达到高温无害化处理标准,且LH-3菌剂的添加对堆体温度无显著影响;试验组较对照组提前5 d达到腐熟标准,且最终产品的种子发芽指数提升了21.56%,显示出更优的腐熟质量;堆肥过程中,添加LH-3菌剂减少了33.42%的氨气排放,并使最终产品的全氮含量增加了11.46%;LH-3菌剂在堆肥高温阶段显著提升了氨单加氧酶基因和羟胺氧化还原酶基因的丰度,从而提高了该阶段的硝化作用强度。总体而言,贝莱斯芽孢杆菌LH-3是一种能有效促进猪粪好氧堆肥腐熟的生物添加剂,可以减少堆肥过程中的氨气排放,并提高堆肥的全氮含量,从而提升堆肥产品整体质量。

This study aims to evaluate the effects of Bacillus velezensis LH-3 on ammonia emission and nitrogen retention during the aerobic composting process of pig manure with rice straw.A treatment group with the inoculation of LH-3 and a control group without strain inoculation were designed.The results showed that the compost in both groups met the high-temperature sanitization treatment standard,and the inoculation of LH-3 did not significantly alter the temperature of the compost pile.Notably,the LH-3 group completed the composting five days earlier than the control group.Moreover,the final product in the LH-3 group increased the seed germination index by 21.56%compared with that in the control group,demonstrating higher quality.Furthermore,LH-3 reduced the cumulative ammonia emission during the composting process by 33.42%and increased the total nitrogen in the final compost by 11.46%.In addition,LH-3 enhanced the abundance of the ammonia monooxygenase gene(amoA)and the hydroxylamine oxidoreductase gene(hao),thereby strengthening nitrification during the high-temperature composting stage.In conclusion,B.velezensis LH-3 serves as an effective biological additive that promotes the aerobic composting of pig manure,reduces ammonia emissions,and enhances nitrogen retention and overall quality of the compost product.