有机物料对土壤理化性状及烟叶产质量影响定位研究

Effects of Organic Materials on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil and the Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco Based on Long-Term Experiments

为了研究饼肥和稻草等有机物料对土壤理化性状、烤烟生长发育及烟叶内在品质的影响效应,设置纯化肥基肥(CK)、纯化肥基肥+发酵饼肥、纯化肥基肥+稻草翻压还田、纯化肥基肥+发酵饼肥+稻草翻压还田共4个处理,进行了小区定位试验。结果表明:各种有机物料处理对土壤物理性状均有改善作用,定位试验3 a,土壤容重降低了3.1%~9.2%,总孔隙度提高了3.0%~8.5%,纯化肥基肥基础上,稻草翻压还田和饼肥配施处理对土壤物理性状改善作用最为显著。各处理土壤化学性状变化趋势有利于土壤营养状况的改善。3种有机物料处理烤烟农艺性状、外观质量、经济性状均优于CK,稻草还田翻压和饼肥配施优势最为明显。各处理烟叶感官评吸质量均优于CK,稻草还田优势较为明显。综合来看,有机物料定位试验第3年比第2年各处理优势更明显;稻草翻压还田和饼肥配施处理为湖南烟稻轮作区土壤保育的适宜模式。

Long-term experiments were performed to study the effects of organic materials(cake fertilizer and straw)on the physical and chemical properties of soil and the growth and quality of flued-cured tobacco.Four treatments of basic fertilizer were designed,including chemical fertilizer(CK),chemical fertilizer+fermented cake fertilizer,chemical fertilizer+rice straw,and chemical fertilizer+fermented cake fertilizer+rice straw.The results indicated that the application of organic materials improved the soil physical properties.The soil bulk density decreased by 3.1%-9.2%and the total porosity increased by 3.0%-8.5%in the third year of the experiment.Moreover,the combined application of rice straw and cake fertilizer on the basis of chemical fertilizer demonstrated the strongest improving effects on soil physical properties.In addition,the application of organic materials improved the soil chemical properties.The agronomic traits,appearance quality,and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco in the three treatments with the application of organic materials were better than those in CK,and they were the best in the treatment of chemical fertilizer+fermented cake fertilizer+rice straw.Furthermore,the application of organic materials,especially rice straw,improved the smoking quality of tobacco leaves compared with CK.Overall,the results obtained in the third year were better than those obtained in the second year.The combined application of rice straw and cake fertilizer was suitable for the conservation of soil in the field with tobacco-rice rotation in Hunan.