中美规范土的工程分类对比分析

Comparison and analysis of soil engineering classification for Chinese standards and American standards

目前,国际上不同国家主要采用本国规范对土进行工程分类和定名,其存在的较大差异给中国企业开展海外工程建设带来诸多困难。通过详细比较中美有关土工程分类与定名及其试验方法的相关规范,分析了中美规范关于土的工程分类指标、试验方法、粗粒类土和细粒类土的差异性,在此基础上结合工程项目分别采用中美规范对安哥拉某砂土进行定名。结果表明:中美规范进行土的工程分类时采用的指标一致,但测试指标的试验方法存在较大差异;中美规范均根据颗粒粒径将粒组划分为三大类,但各粒组的进一步划分和采用的界限粒径存在较大差异;中美规范均将粗粒类土划分为砾类土和砂类土,但中国规范将其进一步分别划分为5个代号并定名5种不同名称砾(砂)类土,而美国规范则将其进一步划分9个代号并定名20种不同名称砾(砂)类土;中美规范均将细粒类土划分为细粒土和有机土,中国规范将细粒土(有机土)累计划分为12个代号,命名12种不同名称细粒土,而美国规范则将细粒土(有机土)划分为5个代号,命名35种不同名称细粒土;采用中国规范可将安哥拉某砂土定名为粉土质砂,而采用美国规范则将其定名为黏土质砂。研究结果可为中国企业开展海外工程建设提供借鉴。

At present,different countries mainly use their own standards for engineering classification of soil,and the significant differences bring many difficulties for Chinese enterprises to carry out overseas engineering construction.By comparing the relevant standards of soil engineering classification and testing methods between China and the United States in detail,the differences in soil engineering classification indexes,testing methods,coarse-grained soil and fine-grained soil between Chinese standards and American standards are analyzed.Combined with engineering projects,certain sandy soil in Angola is named by using the Chinese standards and American standards.The results indicate that:the indexes used in the engineering classification of soil in China and the United States are consistent,but there are significant differences in the testing methods for these indexes;both Chinese standards and American standards classify the particle groups into three major categories based on particle size,but there are significant differences in the further division of each particle group and the boundary particle size used;both Chinese standards and American standards classify the coarse-grained soil into gravel soil and sand soil,but Chinese standards further divide it into 5 group symbols and 5 group names of gravel(sand)soil,while American standards further divide it into 9 group symbols and 20 group names of gravel(sand)soil;both the Chinese standards and American standards divide the fine-grained soil into fine-grained soil and organic soil;the Chinese standards divides fine-grained soil or organic soil into 12 group symbols and 12 group names,while the American standards divide fine-grained soil(organic soil)into 5 group symbols and 35 group names;by using Chinese standards a sand soil in Angola can be named as silty sand,while using American standards it can be named as clayey sand.The study results could provide the reference for Chinese enterprises to carry out overseas engineering construction.