亲密关系:伦理需求抑或社会交换——基于中西文化差异的比较分析

Intimate Relationships:Ethical Needs or Social Exchange-Comparative Analysis Based on Cultural Differences Between China and the West

亲密关系的模式比较是中西文化的社会关系比较的核心问题。黄光国的“人情与面子”理论模型提出了“情感”与“工具”的“混合性”问题,与其后泽利泽关于“亲密关系的购买”研究的问题取向有异曲同工之处,但黄光国在其模型中提及的“需求法则”相当程度上被后续研究忽略了。以家庭主义血缘和拟血缘为中心的“深度感情关系”,一定程度上延续了“需求法则”的研究传统。三者的比较,体现了中西文化的亲密关系模式的突出差异。个体主义文化认知始终预设了情感与工具的二元分离,这种价值层面的二分在实践中促成了情感与工具两个要素之间的混合性交换互惠。家庭主义的“伦理本位”文化模式,趋于形成情感与工具在价值与实践双重层面的高度融合,其伦理责任观始终突出情义优先的“需求法则”。

The comparison of intimate relationship patterns is a core issue in the comparison of social relationships between Chinese and Western cultures.In the"face and favor"theory model,Kwang-Kuo Hwang raised the issue of the"mixed"of""emotion"and""interest,"which shares similarities with Zelizer's subsequent research on"the purchase of intimacy."However,the"need rule"in Hwang's theory model has been overlooked by subsequent research to a considerable extent.The"deep emotional relationship"based on blood and quasi blood ties continues the research tradition of the"need rule."The comparison among the three reflects the prominent differences in the intimate relationship patterns between Chinese and Western cultures.Individualist cultural cognition always presupposes a value separation of emotion and interest,which in practice promotes mixed exchange and reciprocity between the two elements of emotion and interest.The"ethics-based"cultural pattern of familism tends to form a high degree of integration of emotion and interest at the dual levels of value and practice,and its ethical responsibility always emphasizes the"need rule"of prioritizing emotions and obligations.