如何基于“以学生为中心”重构高等教育生态系统——欧洲的经验与启示

How to Restructure the Higher Education Ecosystem based on Student-Centered

“以学生为中心”是当前世界高等教育改革与发展的核心理念。这一理念进入高等教育政策话语主要源自高等教育大众化带来的问题及各国亟需提升国际竞争力的现实需求。欧洲自2009年正式提出“以学生为中心学习”,基于这一概念尝试重构其高等教育生态系统,取得显著成效。在欧洲的大力倡导下,“以学生为中心学习”成为高等教育领域的主流话语;通过“硬治理”和“软治理”的共同作用,欧洲形成了“以学生为中心”的多重应用格局。欧洲“以学生为中心”的高等教育生态系统的主要特征包括多主体参与、多层次结构、多形态互动,但是微观层面的学习与教学的改革仍是难点。对我国而言,形成对“以学生为中心”的共识与认同并构建相应的话语体系、营造支持“以学生为中心”的校园文化、以学习结果为支点触发高等教育结构变革是关键所在。

"Student-centered"is the core idea of higher education in the world.This concept entered the higher education policy discourse mainly from the problems brought by the higher education massification and the urgent need of countries to enhance international competitiveness.Since"student-centered learning"was formally introduced in 2009,Europe has tried to reconstruct its higher education ecosystem based on this concept with remarkable results.Under the strong advocacy of the European level,"student-centered learning"has become the mainstream discourse in the field of higher education.Through the combined effect of"hard governance"and"soft governance",Europe has formed a multi-application pattern of"student-centered".The characteristics of the European"student-centered"higher education ecosystem are mainly reflected in multi-subject participation,multi-level structure and multi-form interaction,but the reform of learning and teaching at the micro level is stll a difficult point.For China,it is the key to form consensus and recognition of"student-centered",build campus culture to support the"student-centered"higher education,and trigger the structure reform of higher education with the learning outcome as the pivot.