高校分类发展的实践逻辑和治理路径——基于政府、市场与院校“三角协调”的分析

The Practical Logic and Governance Approach for Classified Development of Higher Education Institutions:An Analysis Based on the"Triangular Coordination"of Government,Market and Institution

高等教育在大众化、普及化阶段以高校分类办学为基础的多样化发展,不仅关涉高等教育系统内部结构的优化,更攸关其促进公民个体发展和经济社会发展双重功能的有效实现。高校种群基于科学定位和多元办学的分类发展在本质上是政府、市场和院校等各利益相关方理性博弈的结果,也是政府调控、市场调节和院校自主选择等多重机制综合作用的结果。以政府、市场和院校之间的“三角协调”为分析框架,我国高校分类发展改革在实践中存在一定的逻辑缺陷和机制偏差,突出地表现在市场调节不足和院校被动选择。相应的治理路径包括推动高等教育治理向准市场化模式转换、加强市场逻辑与机制的作用、加快高校的“去单位化”组织制度变革,并以办学层次上的升层来克服现行“分层型分类”的制度缺陷和实践阻力。

The diversified development of higher education in the massification and popularization stage,based on the differentiated operation of higher education institutions,not only involves the optimization of the internal structure of the higher education system,but also concerns the effective realization of the dual functions of promoting individual development and economic and social development.The classified development of the higher education institutions based on scientific positioning and diversified operation is,in essence,the result of rational game among the government,market and institutions,as well as the result of the synergistic action of multiple mechanisms such as government regulation,market regulation and institutional autonomous choice.Taking the"triangular coordination"based on the government,market and institutions as the analytical framework,there are certain logical defects and mechanism biases in the reform of higher education classification development in practice,particularly the insufficient role of market regulation and the passive choice of institutions.The corresponding governance path includes promoting the transformation of higher education governance to quasi-market-based models,strengthening the role and mechanisms of market,accelerating the organizational institutional reform of higher education institutions towards de-unitization,and correcting the institutional defects and practical obstacles of the current"layered classification"system through the upgrading of the level of institutions'operation.