长非编码RNA与环形RNA基础研究现状与展望

Current understanding and prospects of long noncoding RNA and circular RNA

核糖核酸(RNA)是现代分子生物学“中心法则”的三大核心分子之一,是生命遗传信息的承载者与传递者,也是生命活动的重要调控者。细胞内RNA分子超过95%为非编码RNA,其种类与结构类型繁多,生成与代谢途径多样,在生命活动各个环节发挥重要作用。本文着眼于长非编码RNA和环形RNA,系统总结了它们的生成加工与功能作用机制,深入探讨了RNA领域底层共性技术的发展对于长非编码RNA和环形RNA研究领域的帮助和亟待解决的问题,以期为基于长非编码RNA和环形RNA的相关应用提供新思路。

As the core biomacromolecule of the"central dogma",RNA plays key roles in carrying genetic information and serves as the important regulator of life.Over 95%of the RNA molecules are noncoding RNAs,which are diverse in type and structure,and have various modes of biogenesis,metabolism,and cellular roles.Here,we review the current understanding of long noncoding RNA and circular RNA,including their biogenesis,processing,and key modes of action.Meanwhile,we hightlight how the recent technical advances benefits the long noncoding RNA and circular RNA studies and discuss existing challenges in the field.These efforts will inform new ideas for the long noncoding RNA and circular RNA-based biotechnological and biomedical applications.