RIG-Ⅰ样受体介导的RNA识别及其功能机制

RIG-Ⅰ-like receptors mediated RNA recognition and their mechanism

天然免疫系统通过多种受体识别RNA病毒并通过信号传导产生Ⅰ型干扰素引发抗病毒反应。视黄酸诱导基因Ⅰ样受体(RIG-Ⅰlike receptor,RLR)是感知宿主胞质内病毒RNA的主要受体。一方面,RLR识别病毒来源的RNA并引发下游信号通路激活,产生Ⅰ型干扰素,抵抗病毒感染;另一方面,研究也发现一些细胞自身的RNA可以与RLR结合并刺激Ⅰ型干扰素产生,由此引起的异常免疫激活导致自身免疫病的发生。本文将对激活RLR的自身和非自身RNA进行概述,并介绍RLR对RNA配体的识别机制,包括受体识别的特性及受体区分自身和非自身RNA的机制。

The innate immune system recognizes RNA viruses through various receptors and triggers antiviral responses by producing type Ⅰ interferons(IFNs)via signal transduction.Retinoic acid-inducible gene Ⅰ-like receptors(RIG-Ⅰ-like receptors,RLRs)are the main receptor system for detecting RNA viruses within the host cytoplasm.On one hand,RLRs recognize virus-derived RNA and activate downstream signaling pathways to produce type I interferons,thereby combating viral infections.On the other hand,many studies have found that some cellular RNAs can bind to RLRs and stimulate the production of type Ⅰ interferons,which may lead to abnormal immune activation and result in autoimmune diseases.This paper provides an overview of self and non-self RNAs that are recognized by RLRs,and introduces the mechanisms by which RLRs recognize RNA ligands,including the characteristics of receptor recognition and the mechanisms by which receptors differentiate between self and non-self RNAs.