农村集体经济组织何以成为特别法人?

What Makes the Rural Collective Economic Organization a Special Legal Person?

效率和合法性需求是农村集体经济组织采取法人化构造的理论根据;政经分离需求是农村集体经济组织独立于村民委员会的实践动因,但“依法代行”“交叉任职”等制度安排,只要设置了最低限度的分离和协同规则,仍具有合理性。农村集体经济组织具有多重集体目标,包括促进集体公有制的有效实现并激活集体经济、保障集体成员的生存和发展并促进共同富裕、提升集体成员的组织化水平并助力乡村全面振兴,这是农村集体经济组织成为特别法人的决定性理由。这些集体目标直接影响到组织的基础和内部的结构,组织的财产基础、成员基础、权力机构、执行机构和监督机构等方面的诸多特别之处由此获得融贯的解释。对农村集体经济组织而言,充分利用农村的社会资本以降低组织运行的成本固然重要,但获得国家和市场的资源支持也必不可少。

The need for efficiency and legitimacy is the theoretical basis for rural collective economic organization to adopt the structure of a legal person.The need for separating politics from economics is the practical motivation for the independence of rural collective economic organization from villagers' committee,but institutional arrangements,such as“acting for someone to perform the functions according to the law”and“cross-posting”,can still be justified as long as the minimum rules of separation and synergy are set.Rural collective economic organization has multiple collective objectives,including promoting the effective realization of collective public ownership and activating the collective economy,safeguarding the survival and development of collective members and promoting common prosperity,and raising the level of organizing collective members to contribute to comprehensive rural revitalization.These are the decisive reasons to make rural collective economic organization a special legal person.These collective objectives have a direct impact on the foundation and internal structure of the organization.Thus,the property base,membership base,power-bearing organ,executive organ,and supervisory organ of the organization are interpreted in a coherent manner.While it is important for rural collective economic organization to make full use of social capital in the countryside in order to reduce the costs of running the organization,it is also essential for it to have access to the resources of the state and the market.