稼轩词惯用的《史记》典故与心境表达——以司马相如、李广、张良为例

Jiaxuanci's Frequently——used Allusions to Historical Records and Expression of Emotions——Taking Sima Xiangru,Li Guang and Zhang Liang as Examples

稼轩词具有鲜明的学问化倾向,出现了大量运用《史记》典故的情况。然稼轩善于“掉书袋”,词作所呈现的一些典故可能更多源于展现才学的考量而并非别有深意。因此,研究稼轩词的用典意图要尽量规避上述随机性的成分而更关注于反复出现的人物典故。在稼轩词中,司马相如、李广以及张良的相关典故出现次数最多,且断崖式领先于其他《史记》典故。总体来看,这些被频繁引用的人物典故能够在一定程度上反映稼轩特定时期的心境与思绪,相如倦游之典反映其宦海沉浮的政治失意;李广难封等典故契合稼轩本人的身世际遇;而张良从赤松子游则吻合稼轩退居时期暂避锋芒的时局考量。

Xin Qiji's ciuses a lot of allusions to Historical Records.He enjoys displaying talents in his creations,so many allusions don't always have a deeper meaning,but may just be a way of showing off his erudition.Therefore,exploring why Xin Qiji uses allusions should avoid the destabilizing factors and focus more on the recurring allusions in his works.It can be found that the allusions related to Sima Xiangru,Li Guang,and Zhang Liang appear the most frequently in the Jiaxuanci.On the whole,these frequently quoted allusions can reflect Xin Qiji's emotions at a specific period.Xin Qiji uses the allusion to Sima Xiangru to express his feelings of political disappointment,uses the allusion to Li Guang because of the similar life experiences they share,and uses allusion to Zhang Liang reflecting his desire to protect himself away from political struggle.