恒压压缩空气储能技术研究

Study on constant pressure compressed air energy storage technology

加速能源结构转型,促进可再生能源发电并网,是应对气候变化和可再生能源发展的重要举措。储能技术可以解决可再生能源发电并网的不稳定性,提高可再生能源的利用率。其中,压缩空气储能因其效率高,投资成本低,对环境友好被广泛研究。与传统恒容压缩空气储能技术相比,恒压压缩空气储能避免了恒容压缩空气储能系统中不可避免的缓冲空气,使压缩机和膨胀机能够在恒定排放压力下高效运行,消除了膨胀机组前的节流损失。介绍恒压压缩空气储能技术的优势,并将其分为水下压缩空气储能、抽水补偿式压缩空气储能、固体补偿式压缩空气储能和气体相变补偿式压缩空气储能4种;论述了4种恒压压缩空气储能技术的基本原理、研究进展及面临的挑战;最后,对恒压压缩空气储能技术的发展进行展望。

Accelerating the transformation of energy structure and promoting the grid connection of renewable energy power generation is an important initiative to address climate change and the development of renewable energy.Energy storage technology can improve the stability of power grid and enhance the utilization rate of renewable energy.Among the energy storage technologies,compressed air energy storage has been widely studied for its high efficiency,low investment cost and environmental friendliness.Compared with the conventional constant-capacity compressed air energy storage technology,isobaric compressed air energy storage avoids the unavoidable buffer air in the constant-capacity compressed air energy storage system,enables the compressor and expander to operate efficiently at constant discharge pressure,and eliminates the throttling loss in front of the expander unit.The advantages of isobaric compressed air energy storage technologies are introduced,and the isobaric compressed air energy storage technologies are classified into underwater compressed air energy storage,pumping-compensated compressed air energy storage,solid-compensated compressed air energy storage,and gas-phase-change-compensated compressed air energy storage.Moreover,the basic principles,research progress and challenges of the above four types of isobaric compressed air energy storage technologies are discussed.Finally,the development of the isobaric compressed air energy storage technologies is prospected.