行政过程论视角下非现场执法中当事人权益保障研究

Protection of Parties'Rights and Interests in off-site Law Enforcement:Based on the Perspective of Administrative Process Theory

基于行政过程论全面、动态的考察视角,发现非现场执法在程序上存在以下问题:在设备设置阶段,设备正式投入运行的公告时间过短、公告途径单一、投入成本过高。在证据审核阶段,证据审核不及时、举证责任分配不当、同一超限运输行为的认定时间不一致。在告知和听取意见阶段,当事人的知情权、陈述和申辩权未得到充分保障。为此,提出相应的完善建议:在设备设置阶段,规定设备正式投入运行前公告期限不少于30日,采用多种途径发布公告,合理控制成本投入。在证据审核阶段,明确证据审核的期限,明确信息核实责任在行政机关,统一同一超限运输行为的认定时间标准。在告知和听取意见阶段,建立三阶段告知制度,规定合理的陈述和申辩期限。

Based on the comprehensive and dynamic perspective of administrative process theory,the study examines following problems in the procedure of off-site law enforcement:During the installment stage of equipment,the interval between the announcement and the official operation of off-site law enforcement equipment is remarkably short,the channels for announcement are too limited,and the cost of equipment deployment is excessively high.During the evidence review stage,there are delays in the review process,the burden of proof is improperly distributed,and there is inconsistency in the identification time for the same over-limit transportation behavior.During the stage of notification and listening to opinions,the parties'right to know,to make a statement and defense are not fully protected.To this end,corresponding improvement suggestions are proffered:During the initial installment stage of the equipment,the announcement period prior to the equipment's official operation should be no fewer than 30 days.This announcement should be disseminated via multiple channels,and the expenditure should be prudently managed.During the subsequent evidence review stage,it is crucial to clearly define the duration of the evidence review period,specify that the responsibility for verifying information lies with the administrative authority,and establish a unified time standard for identifying the same over-limit transportation behavior.During the stage of notification and listening to opinions,a three-tiered notification system should be established,and reasonable deadlines for submitting statements or presenting defenses should be set.