被害人视角下的潜在个人极端暴力犯罪防控——基于142起极端个人暴力案件的实证分析

Prevention and Control of Potential Individuals'Extreme Violent Crimes from Victims'Perspective:An Empirical Analysis Based on 142 Cases of Individuals'Extreme Violence

个人极端暴力犯罪是个体因心理缺陷或社会矛盾产生悲观厌世、报复社会的极端心理,以持刀、开枪、驾车冲撞、纵火焚烧、爆炸、危险化学物品伤人等方式对不特定人群实施伤害,以达到泄私愤的严重暴力犯罪。基于2001—2023年间发生的142起个人极端暴力犯罪案件,从极端案事件被害人所处场所等维度分析,对瞬间发生的极端个案防范,被害人的自身安全意识与自我救助能力至关重要。在安全防范层面,加强危险防控,提高民众的防范意识、化解矛盾纠纷、加强自我保护;在社会治理层面,完善基础防控设施、强化防护力量和社会组织功能;在法治防范层面,明确界定被害人自我救助的范围,有效阻止个人极端暴力犯罪,切实保护被害人的人身安全,使针对性的防控对策发挥出最大效应。

Individuals'extreme violent crimes refer to serious acts of violence committed by individuals with the intent to vent personal frustration or angers.Such individuals,who often suffer from psychological disorders or face social conflicts,are prone to develop extreme psychological attitudes towards society,such as pessimism or hatred.These attitudes can motivate them to attack random groups of people through stabbing or slashing with knives,firing guns,ramming crowds with vehicles,committing arson,as well as utilizing explosives or hazardous chemicals.Based on 142 cases of extreme violence committed by individuals between 2001 and 2023,this study conducts an analysis from various dimensions,such as the locations of victims in such cases,and discusses the crucial importance of victims'security awareness and self-rescue abilities in preventing such extreme violent acts that tend to occur instantaneously.Subsequently,the study suggests preventive and control strategies as follows:Firstly,in terms of security safeguarding,efforts should be made to strengthen prevention and control measures,raise public awareness of prevention,resolve conflicts and disputes,and enhance self-protection;Secondly,in terms of social governance,it is necessary to improve basic prevention and control facilities,and to strengthen the protective forces and social organization functions;Thirdly,in terms of the rule of law,the legal boundaries for victims'self-rescue should be clearly defined by laws,so as to effectively deter extreme violent crimes committed by individuals,safeguard the personal safety of victims,and maximize the impact of this targeted prevention and control strategy.