宁夏银川市城乡青少年患龋现状及知信行调查

Investigation on the caries status and knowledge-attitudebehavior of urban and rural adolescents in Yinchuan,Ningxia

目的:通过应用ICDAS龋病评估系统了解宁夏银川市12~18岁城乡青少年患龋状况,分析城乡之间青少年口腔健康知识、态度和行为情况差异,以期制定出科学合理的口腔健康教育计划和卫生保健方案。方法:采取分阶段、分层、随机整群抽样方法抽取到银川市共3362名12~18岁青少年进行口腔检查和问卷调查。口腔检查遵循ICDAS-Ⅱ标准,问卷设计参考《第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案》的模板制定出符合本研究的问卷。结果:本次共调查3362名学生,患龋率为80.9%,龋面均为5.00。其中城镇青少年患龋率81.0%,龋面均5.12;农村青少年80.8%,龋面均4.82,城乡之间患龋率及龋面均指数均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。口腔健康知识调查中农村地区青少年口腔健康知识知晓情况较城市地区青少年差,城乡对比有统计学差异(P<0.05),此外针对青少年口腔健康态度及口腔卫生行为调查显示城乡对比也有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:本调查结果显示银川市城乡青少年患龋现状严峻,城乡地区青少年口腔健康知识知晓、态度和行为情况虽存在较大差异,但整体表现出认知不足、口腔健康态度消极和口腔卫生行为欠规范。因此,应加强开展青少年口腔健康教育工作,防大于治,防治结合,以促进青少年口腔健康状况的改善。

AIM:This study aimed to apply the ICDAS caries assessment system to investigate the caries status of adolescents aged 12~18 years living in urban and rural areas of Yinchuan,Ningxia to analyze the differences in oral health knowledge,attitude and behavior between urban and rural adolescents,to provide reference for developing scientific and reasonable oral health education plan and health care program.METHODS:The oral examination and questionnaire survey were performed on 3362 adolescents aged 12~18 years old in YinChuan city using a multi-stage,stratified,random,whole cluster sampling method.The International Caries Detection and Assessment System(ICDAS-Ⅱ)was used for oral examination,the 4th National Oral Health Survey was used for the questionnaire design.RESULTS:Among 3362 students,the prevalence rate of dental caries was 80.9%,with DMFS index of 5.00.Among them,the caries rate of urban adolescents was 81.0%and DMFS index was 5.12;for rural adolescents was 80.8%and DMFS index was 4.82.No significant difference was observed in caries rate and the DMFS index between urban and rural adolescents(P>0.05).In the oral health knowledge survey,the adolescents in rural areas were worse than urban adolescents(P<0.05).In addition,significant differences were found among the oral health attitude and behavior between urban and rural adolescents.(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:This study showed that the caries situation of urban and rural adolescents in YinChuan is severe.Although there were significant differences in the oral health knowledge,attitude and behavior between urban and rural adolescents,they generally showed a lack of oral health knowledge,negative attitude and irregular oral health behavior.Therefore,adolescent oral health education should be further strengthened,prevention than treatment,prevention and treatment combined,so as to promote the improvement of adolescent oral health status.