径行逮捕制度的检视与反思

Review and Reflection on the System of Direct Arrest

径行逮捕制度有天然的价值缺陷,不利于权利保障价值和司法公正价值的实现,也不具有真正的效率价值。就理论品格而言,径行逮捕制度在社会危险性判断方面,存在思维的非比例性、方法的非全面性以及素材的非必然关联性等缺点,一律推定为具有社会危险性过于武断。同时,径行逮捕制度导致的犯罪标签化后果也与轻罪时代背景格格不入,不利于罪犯复归社会,且与积极履职要求有差距,难以兼顾办结案件与办好案件,不利于实现“三个”效果的统一。此外,随着社会信息技术高速发展,电子手环监管系统等犯罪监控技术广泛使用,也让径行逮捕制度的犯罪控制功能呈现可替代化的趋势。在司法运行过程中,径行逮捕制度也与宽严相济刑事司法政策相冲突,与本轮司法责任制改革相矛盾,与“捕诉一体”办案机制存在龃龉,影响羁押必要性审查功能的充分发挥。对径行逮捕作限制解释或者作变通处理都不具有合理性,在未来的立法过程中,应该删除径行逮捕制度,对社会危险性进行综合性评估。

The The system of direct arrest has natural value flaws,which are not conducive to the realization of the value of rights protection and judicial fairness,and do not have true efficiency value.In terms of theoretical character,the system of direct arrest has shortcomings in judging social danger,such as non proportionality of thinking,non comprehensiveness of methods,and non inevitable correlation of materials,all of which are presumed to have social danger and are too arbitrary.At the same time,the consequences of criminal labeling caused by the direct arrest system are also incompatible with the background of the era of petty crimes,which is not conducive to the return of criminals to society.And there is a gap with the requirements for active performance of duties in accordance with the law,making it difficult to balance case resolution and success,which is not conducive to achieving the unity of the“three effects”.In addition,with the rapid development of social information technology and the widespread use of crime monitoring technologies such as electronic bracelet supervision systems,the crime control function of the direct arrest system has also shown a trend of substitutability.In the process of judicial operation,the direct arrest system also conflicts with the criminal justice policy of combining leniency with severity,conflicts with the current round of judicial responsibility system reform,and conflicts with the“integrated arrest and prosecution”case handling mechanism,which affects the effectiveness of the detention necessity review function.It is not reasonable to limit or modify the interpretation of direct arrest.In the future legislative process,the system of direct arrest should be deleted and a comprehensive assessment of social danger should be conducted.