死亡、道德与正义——《西班牙悲剧》中的复仇意蕴探析

Death, Morality and Justice--A Study on Implications of Revenge in The Spanish Tragedy

托马斯·基德的《西班牙悲剧》开创了一个新的戏剧类型,是英国复仇悲剧的先驱,影响了后继者的戏剧创作。复仇具有丰富的意蕴,基德通过安德里安、英匹丽亚和西埃洛尼莫的复仇,探讨了死亡、道德和正义问题。安德里安的复仇揭示出死亡所具有的娱乐价值,不仅弱化了死亡恐惧,还表明死亡意味着肉体消亡,灵魂不朽的二元论立场;英匹丽亚的复仇反映了文艺复兴时期女性的道德困境以及自我意识的觉醒;西埃洛尼莫的私人复仇是对国家法律失败的控诉以及对正义的呼求。最终,复仇者作为社会改革者成为时代的悲剧英雄。

Kyd’s The Spanish Tragedy created a new genre of theater and was the forerunner of the English revenge tragedy,influencing the plays of its successors.Revenge is rich in meaning,and Kyd explored issues of death,morality,and justice through the vengeance of Andrea,Bel-imperia,and Hieronimo.Andrea’s revenge reveals the entertainment value that death has,not only weakening the fear of death,but also demonstrating the dualism that death implies the demise of the body and the immortality of the soul.Imperia’s revenge reflects the moral dilemma of Renaissance women and awakening of self-consciousness.And Hieronimo’s private revenge is an indictment of the failure of state law and a call for justice.Ultimately,the avenger becomes the tragic hero of the age as a social reformer.