控释尿素与普通尿素配施对橡胶树叶片和胶乳养分及产量的影响

Effect of Combined Application of Controlled-release Urea and Common Urea on Leaf Nutrient,Latex Nutrient,and Yield in Rubber Tree

为了明确控释尿素与普通尿素配施在橡胶树上的应用效果,通过2年田间试验,研究了减氮条件下控释尿素与普通尿素不同比例配施对橡胶树产量、叶片和胶乳矿质养分及土壤氮含量的影响,为橡胶树栽培管理中合理施氮提供技术支撑。结果表明:控释尿素与普通尿素配施可提高橡胶树干胶产量和叶片氮含量,与常规施肥相比,橡胶树干胶产量增幅为16.28%~39.13%(2021年)和7.94%~9.69%(2022年),叶片氮含量增幅为10.54%~19.17%(2021年)和10.24%~21.50%(2022年),控释尿素与普通尿素配施处理叶片氮含量均处于正常值以上。控释尿素与普通尿素配施还能够增加胶园肥穴土壤碱解氮含量,较常规施肥增加了11.27%~80.36%。控释尿素与普通尿素配施比例为50∶50时,橡胶树干胶产量(2022年)、叶片氮含量(2021—2022年)和土壤碱解氮含量(2021—2022年)均显著高于常规施肥。综上所述,在本试验条件下,控释尿素与普通尿素配施比例为50∶50能够获得较高的干胶产量,可改善叶片营养状况,维持土壤氮水平,有利于实现橡胶树施肥管理的绿色协同增效。

In order to clarify the application effect of controlled-release urea combined with common urea on rubber trees,a 2-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different proportions of controlled-release urea combined with common urea on the yield,leaf and latex mineral nutrients and soil nitrogen content of rubber trees under the condition of nitrogen reduction,and to provide a reference base for reasonable nitrogen application in the cultivation of rubber trees.The results showed that the combined application of controlled-release urea and common urea increased the dry rubber yield and the nitrogen content of leaves.Compared with conventional fertilization,the dry rubber yield increased by 16.28%‒39.13%(2021)and 7.94%‒9.69%(2022),nitrogen content in leaves increased by 10.54%‒19.17%(2021)and 10.24%‒21.50%(2022),and the leaf nitrogen content of the combined application of controlled-release urea combined and common urea was above normal value.Combined application of controlled-release urea and common urea also increased the soil alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen content in the fertilization hole of rubber plantation by 11.27%-80.36%compared with conventional fertilization.When the ratio of controlled release urea and common urea was 50:50,the dry rubber yield(2022),leaf nitrogen content(2021—2022)and soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content(2021—2022)were significantly higher than those of conventional fertilization.Overall,under the conditions of this experiment,the combination of controlled-release urea and common urea at a ratio of 50∶50 could obtain a higher dry rubber yield,improve the nutritional status of leaves,maintain soil nitrogen level,and help to achieve green and efficient fertilizer management of rubber trees.