星形胶质细胞在神经退行性疾病中的炎症机制探析

Exploration of the Inflammatory Mechanisms of Astrocytes in Neurodegenerative Diseases

随着世界老龄化不断加剧,神经退行性疾病的发病率在老年群体逐年上涨。研究表明,神经炎症是阿尔兹海默病、帕金森、肌萎缩侧索硬化、多发性硬化和亨廷顿病等神经退行性疾病重要的病理机制,而星形胶质细胞是参与神经炎症调控的关键神经胶质细胞。进一步研究发现,星形胶质细胞与神经胶质细胞、神经元和外周免疫细胞存在密切的相互作用,调节中枢神经系统突触可塑性、神经元功能、谷氨酸循环、能量代谢等,对神经退行性疾病具有明显的疗效。故本文进一步探讨在神经退行性疾病中星形胶质细胞与其他细胞相互作用所介导的炎症机制的具体表现及其潜在的分子机制,以期从星形胶质细胞角度寻找新的治疗靶点,改善疾病临床症状。

As the global population continues to age,the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases has seen a constant increase in the elderly.Research indicates that neuroinflammation is a significant pathological mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,multiple sclerosis and Huntington’s disease.Astrocytes are key glial cells involved in the regulation of neuroinflammation.More studies have revealed that astrocytes closely interact with other glial cells,neurons and peripheral immune cells to regulate synaptic plasticity,neuronal function,glutamate cycling and energy metabolism in the central nervous system,which shows notable therapeutic effects on neurodegenerative diseases.This paper aims to further explore specific manifestations and potential molecular mechanisms of astrocyte-mediated inflammatory processes in neurodegenerative diseases through interactions of astrocytes and other cells,therefore to identify new therapeutic targets from the perspective of astrocytes and then improve the symptoms.