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寒地黑土区水稻秸秆还田机设计及最优耕作参数试验

Design of rice straw returning machine and test of optimal tillage parameters in cold black soil area
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摘要 针对寒地黑土区水稻秸秆还田机消耗功率大、秸秆腐解速度慢的问题,设计具有腐解剂精量喷施功能的秸秆还田机,并探究刀轴扭矩最小时的耕作参数组合。对还田机的自动升降平地装置、菌剂喷洒装置、秸秆量识别系统和还田弯刀进行设计:菌剂喷洒装置采用由PLC驱动的电磁阀控制喷施量;秸秆量识别系统可分别对粉碎堆积秸秆和留茬秸秆进行数量评估并将数据信息传递至菌剂喷洒装置;还田弯刀设计采用Workbench 2022 R1软件进行仿真分析,得到弯刀最佳参数结果:弯刀刃长240 mm、刃宽80 mm、弯折角115°;采用三因素三水平旋转正交试验,建立刀轴扭矩与试验因素的关系。采用Design-Expert软件进行方差分析处理,结果表明,因素对指标影响的顺序关系为:耕深>旋转速度>单位面积秸秆量>耕深的二次项>耕深与旋转速度的交互作用>旋转速度与单位面积秸秆量的交互作用,并得到交互作用的响应曲面图以及最优参数组合为耕深20 cm、旋转速度为240 r/min、单位面积秸秆量为3.5 kg/m^(2)。进行验证性试验,得到扭矩平均值为24.32 N⋅m,与模型预测值的相对误差为0.7%,预测模型可靠,且秸秆翻埋率达96.8%。 Aiming at the problems of high-power consumption and slow straw decomposition speed of rice straw returner in the cold black soil area,a straw returner with the function of fine spraying of decomposers was designed,and the combination of ploughing parameters with the minimum torque of the knife shaft was explored.The automatic lifting-and-levelling device,the fungicide spraying device,the straw quantity identification system and the curved cutter of the field returning machine were designed.The fungicide spraying device adopted the PLC-driven solenoid valve to control the spraying quantity.The straw quantity identification system could evaluate the quantities of crushed-and-piled-up straw and stubble straw respectively and transfer the data information to the fungicide spraying device.Workbench 2022 R1 software was used to simulate and analyze the design of field return cutter,and the optimum parameters of the cutter were 240 mm blade length,80 mm blade width and 115°bending angle.A three-factor-three-level rotary orthogonal test was used to establish the relationship between the cutter torque and the test factors.Design-Expert software was used for ANOVA processing,and the results showed that the relationships of the factors on the indexes were as follows:A>B>C>A2>AB>BC(A is the ploughing depth,B is the rotational speed,C is the amount of straw per unit area).The response surface plot of the interaction was obtained and the optimal parameter combinations was the ploughing depth of 20 cm,the rotational speed of 240 r/min,and the amount of straw per unit area of 3.5 kg/m^(2).A validation test was carried out,and the test results showed that the average torque was 24.32 N⋅m,the relative error with the predicted value of the model was 0.7%,the prediction model was reliable and the straw burying rate reached 96.8%.
作者 葛宜元 孙修涵 刘恒佳 马浏轩 梁秋艳 杨传华 Ge Yiyuan;Sun Xiuhan;Liu Hengjia;Ma Liuxuan;Liang Qiuyan;Yang Chuanhua(School of Mechanical Engineering,Jiamusi University,Jiamusi,154007,China;Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Field Agricultural Equipment Engineering Technology,Jiamusi,154007,China)
出处 《中国农机化学报》 北大核心 2024年第10期1-8,共8页 Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization
基金 国家自然科学基金项目(51875252) 黑龙江省科学基金项目(LH2020E026) 中央引导地方科技发展专项项目(ZYYD2022JMS005) 黑龙江省省教育厅科技创新团队建设计划项目(2021—KYYWF—0639) 黑龙江省“双一流”新一轮建设学科协同创新成果建设项目(LJGXCG2022—128)。
关键词 寒地黑土区 秸秆还田机 静力学仿真 精量喷药 最优设计 cold black soil area straw returning machine hydrostatic simulation precision spraying optimal design
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