中国栽培海藻碳汇经济价值时空分异及影响因素

Spatiotemporal differentiation and influencing factors of carbon sink economic value of cultivated seaweeds in China

工业革命以来,人类活动导致大气中的温室气体浓度迅速攀升,严重影响了全球气候。开发蓝碳产业成为人们应对气候变化的重要举措。栽培海藻碳汇是蓝碳的重要组成部分。本研究以中国8个沿海省份栽培海藻数据为基础,测算其碳汇总经济价值,并分析其时空分异特征;采用对数平均迪氏指数法(LMDI)解析中国栽培海藻碳汇总经济价值的影响因素。结果显示,2009—2021年,中国栽培海藻碳汇量及其总经济价值整体呈上升趋势,2021年分别达到87万t和488亿元。不同栽培海藻的碳汇量,从高到低依次为海带、江蓠、紫菜、裙带菜和其他(羊栖菜、麒麟菜、石花菜和浒苔);单位面积碳去除能力,从高到低依次为海带、江蓠、裙带菜、其他和紫菜。福建、山东和辽宁三个省份的栽培海藻碳汇总经济价值较高,其余省份则较低。养殖效率效应(EFE)和养殖面积效应(AE)是栽培海藻碳汇总经济价值的主要驱动因素。研究表明,中国栽培海藻的碳汇潜力不容忽视,能够创造巨大的经济效益。栽培海藻的碳汇能力及其总经济价值存在一定的种间差异,可通过合理调整栽培物种和结构来提高海藻碳汇及其总经济价值。应从政府部门、科研单位及从业人员和社会公众三个层面出发,重视栽培海藻碳汇等渔业碳汇的功能和价值,促进渔业高质量发展,为减缓全球气候变暖,实现“双碳”目标做出更大贡献。

Since the industrial revolution,the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has risen rapidly due to human activities,which has seriously affected the global climate.The development of blue carbon industry has become an essential measure for people to cope with climate change.Cultivated seaweeds carbon sinks are an important component of blue carbon.Based on the data of seaweeds cultivation in eight coastal provinces of China,this research calculates the total economic value of the carbon sink of the cultivated seaweeds,and analyzes its spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics.The LMDI index decomposition method was used to analyze the influencing factors of the total economic value of carbon sink of cultivated seaweeds in China,which provided a reference for the reasonable calculation and evaluation of the economic value of carbon sink of cultivated seaweeds.The results showed that the carbon sink and total economic value of cultivated seaweeds in China showed an overall upward trend from 2009 to 2021,which reached 0.87 million tons and 48.8 billion CNY in 2021,respectively.The carbon sink of different seaweeds from high to low were Saccharina japonica,Gracilaria spp.,Porphyra sensu lato,Undaria pinnatifida,and others(Sargassum fusiforme,Eucheuma muricatum,Gelidium amansii,and Ulva prolifera).The carbon removal capacities per unit area from high to low were S.japonica,G.spp.,U.pinnatifida,others(S.fusiforme,E.muricatum,G.amansii,and U.prolifera)and Porphyra sensu lato.The total economic value of cultivated seaweeds carbon sinks in Fujian,Shandong,and Liaoning provinces were relatively high,while in other provinces those were relatively low.The culture efficiency effect(EFE)and culture area effect(AE)had a strong driving effect on the total economic value of carbon sinks in cultivated seaweeds.Research had found that the carbon sink potential of cultivated seaweeds in China must be addressed and could create huge economic benefits.The total economic value of cultivated seaweeds could be improved by adjusting the cultivation species and structure reasonably.Suggestions were proposed from the government,the scientific research unites,the industry practitioners and the public.Efforts should be made to enhance the function and value of fishery carbon sink,especially the cultivated seaweeds industries,to promote the high quality development of the fishery industry that contribute to mitigating global climate change,and realize the grand goal of"carbonpeaking and carbon neutrality".