基于近似模型的蓄电池工程车电池布局优化

Battery Layout Optimization of the Battery Engineering Vehicles Based on an Approximate Model

蓄电池工程车中蓄电池的重量大、数量多,其布局对车辆的整体性能影响较大。为优化车架的电池布局以及解决优化过程中频繁调用有限元仿真的问题,提出了一种响应面近似模型与多岛遗传算法相结合的蓄电池布局优化设计方法。首先建立了蓄电池工程车车架的参数优化模型、设计变量与目标函数的二阶响应面近似模型,然后采用多岛遗传算法对优化模型进行求解,使用动力学指标评定解的优劣,并选择一个最优解作为最优电池布局方案,最后使用缩尺车架模型对优化结果进行了试验验证。结果表明:蓄电池优化后的车架最大变形减小50.9%,最大等效应力减小37.9%,最大垂向振动加速度减小了14.6%,仿真与试验结果的误差为7.1%,达到了优化设计的目的。

The weight and number of batteries in the battery engineering vehicle are large,and the overall performance of the vehicle is greatly affected by their layouts.In order to optimize the battery layout of the frame and address the problem of frequently invoking finite element simulation during the optimization process,a battery layout optimization design method combining the response surface approximation model and multi-island genetic algorithm was proposed.Firstly,the parameter optimization model of the battery engineering vehicle frame was established.And the second-order response surface approximation model of the design variables and the objective function was established.Then,the multi-island genetic algorithm was used to solve the optimization model.The dynamic index was used to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the solution,and an optimal solution was selected as the optimal battery layout scheme.Finally,the scale frame model was used to verify the optimization results.The results show that the maximum deformation of the frame after battery optimization is reduced by 50.9%,the maximum equivalent force is decreased by 37.9%,the maximum vertical vibration acceleration is reduced by 14.6%,and the error between the simulation and test results is 7.1%.The purpose of the optimized design is achieved.