基于肌电实验的挖掘机驾驶员上肢肌肉疲劳分析

Fatigue Analysis of Upper Limb Muscle of Excavator Driver Based on Myoelectric Experiment

挖掘机作业需要驾驶员推动操纵杆来控制机械臂的运动,这种长时间的反复操作可能会增加肌肉的疲劳程度。为了分析和评估挖掘机驾驶员的上肢肌肉疲劳程度,采用表面肌电信号(surface electromyography,sEMG)测试的方法,通过实验设计、数据采集、数据处理和分析等步骤,采集操作过程中驾驶员上肢肘关节角度实时变化数据,并进一步对比分析了上肢肘关节角度变化与肌肉疲劳程度的关系。结果表明,控制挖掘机大臂与铲斗运行的过程中,右臂肘关节活动范围集中在纵向87°~118°与横向17°~38.5°,其中右臂向右推动操纵杆时右三角肌疲劳最大,其他操纵状态中右斜方肌疲劳最大;控制挖掘机机身平台与小臂运行的过程,左臂肘关节活动范围集中在纵向87°~124°与横向12°~38.5°,左臂在推动操纵杆时左三角肌的疲劳始终大于其他肌肉。基于实测数据分析了挖掘机驾驶员操作过程中的肌肉疲劳程度,为优化挖掘机驾驶室人机布局提供了数据参考。

Excavator operation requires the driver to push the joystick to control the movement of the robot arm,and this repeated operation for a long time may increase the degree of muscle fatigue.In order to analyze and evaluate the upper limb muscle fatigue degree of excavator drivers,sEMG(surface electromyography) test method was adopted to collect the real-time change data of the upper limb elbow joint angle of excavator drivers during operation through experimental design,data acquisition,data processing and analysis.The relationship between elbow joint Angle and muscle fatigue degree was further analyzed.The results show that in the process of controlling the operation of the arm and bucket of the excavator,the motion range of the elbow joint of the right arm is concentrated in the longitudinal 87°~118° and transverse 17°~38.5°.The fatigue of the right deltoid muscle is the largest when the right arm pushes the joystick to the right,and the fatigue of the right trapezid muscle is the largest in other control states.In the process of controlling the operation of the body platform and the forearm of the excavator,the elbow joint movement range of the left arm is concentrated between 87°~124° in the longitudinal direction and 12°~38.5° in the transverse direction.The fatigue of the left deltoid muscle is always greater than that of other muscles when the left arm pushes the joystick.Based on the measured data,the muscle fatigue degree of excavator driver during operation was analyzed.The results provide data reference for optimizing the man-machine layout of excavator cab.