滇池敞水区和湖滨带大型底栖动物群落特征研究

Study on the Community Characteristics of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in the Inshore Site and Offshore Site of Dianchi Lake

通过2022年开展滇池大型底栖动物调查,对动物物种种类、密度与生物量、群落结构相似性等进行了研究。结果显示,滇池大型底栖动物隶属4门8纲20目32科,敞水区26种,湖滨带54种。敞水区平均密度167.76 ind./m^(2),湖滨带平均密度160.88 ind./m^(2)。软体动物生物量占比较高,节肢动物生物量湖滨带大于敞水区,环节动物生物量敞水区大于湖滨带。敞水区和湖滨带底栖动物群落结构组成差异性显著,优势种差异大。敞水区底栖动物丰富度分布较湖滨带均匀,湖滨带底栖动物多样性较高但丰富度分布相对不均匀。以Shannon-Wiener指数评价分级,敞水区点位5%为“良好”,95%为“中等”;湖滨带点位41%为“良好”,47%为“中等”,6.0%为“较差”,6.0%为“很差”。以Pielou指数评价分级,敞水区点位5%为“优秀”,95%为“良好”;湖滨带点位5.9%为“优秀”,70.4%为“良好”,11.9%为“中等”,5.9%为“较差”,5.9%为“很差”。以期为滇池大型底栖动物监测及针对性开展区域保护修复提供基础性资料参考。

Through the investigation of benthic macroinvertebrates in Dianchi Lake in 2022,the species,density,and biomass,as well as the community structure similarity of the animals were studied.The results show that the benthic macroinvertebrates in Dianchi Lake belong to 4 classes,8 orders,20 families,and 32 genera.There are 26 species in the inshore site and 54 species in the offshore site.The average density in the inshore site is 167.76 ind./m~2,and the average density in the offshore site is 160.88 ind./m~2.The biomass of mollusks is relatively high.The biomass of arthropods is greater in the offshore site than in the inshore site,and the biomass of annelids is greater in the inshore site than in the offshore site.The community structure composition of the benthic animals in the offshore site and the inshore site is significantly different,and the dominant species are very different.The richness distribution of benthic animals in the inshore site is more uniform than that in the offshore site,and the biodiversity of the benthic animals in the offshore site is higher but the richness distribution is relatively uneven.The Shannon-Wiener index was used to evaluate the grades,with 5% of the points in the inshore site being "good" and 95% being "medium".In the offshore site,41% of the points were "good";47% were "medium";6.0% were "poor",and 6.0% were "very poor".The Pielou index was used to evaluate the grades,with 5% of the points in the inshore site being "excellent" and 95% being "good".In the offshore site,5.9% of the points were "excellent";70.4% were "good";11.9% were "medium";5.9% were "poor",and 5.9% were "very poor".This study provides basic reference data for the monitoring of benthic macroinvertebrates in Dianchi Lake and targeted regional protection and restoration.