焦作市颗粒物与臭氧时空特征及其影响因素分析

Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Particulate Matter and Ozone and Their Influencing Factors in Jiaozuo City

我国经济的快速发展带来了严重的环境污染问题,阻碍了我国生态文明建设和可持续发展建设进程。颗粒物(PM_(2.5)和PM_(10))与臭氧分别是我国北方城市秋冬季(1-3月份和10-12月份)与春夏季(4-9月份)的重要污染物。分析了2020-2023年焦作市颗粒物和臭氧的时空变化特征,并研究了焦作市5个国控监测点颗粒物和臭氧浓度与300 m和600 m缓冲区内春夏季植被、建筑等要素的相关性。结果表明:(1)近4年焦作市颗粒物浓度呈小幅度下降趋势,但臭氧浓度有反弹趋势;(2)焦作市颗粒物浓度呈现春夏季低,秋冬季高的变化趋势;臭氧浓度则呈现出春夏季高,秋冬季低的变化趋势;(3)焦作市国控监测点之间的颗粒物或臭氧浓度具有显著差异;(4)环境要素对污染物浓度具有显著影响。在600 m缓冲区内,春夏季节,PM_(10)浓度与植被覆盖面积呈现显著负相关关系;臭氧浓度与不透水地面(包括主要道路、广场、塑胶场地)面积呈显著正相关;在300 m缓冲区内,秋冬季节,PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)浓度与低层建筑、主要道路和广场的面积之和呈现显著正相关关系。最后,本文提出可以通过增加植树造林、减少不透水地面建设等措施降低城市地区的大气污染程度。

The rapid development of our country's economy has brought serious problems of environmental pollution,which hindered the progress of constructing ecological civilization and sustainable development.Particulate matter(PM_(2.5) and PM_(10)) and ozone are important pollutants in autumn and winter(January-March and October-December) and spring and summer(April-September),respectively,in northern cities in China.In this paper,the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of particulate matter and ozone in Jiaozuo City from 2020 to 2023 were analyzed,and the correlation between the concentrations of particulate matter and ozone in five state-controlled monitoring points in Jiaozuo City and the factors of vegetation and buildings in spring and summer in the 300-meter and 600-meter buffer zones was studied.The results showed that:(1) the concentration of particulate matter in Jiaozuo City decreased slightly in recent four years,but the concentration of ozone had a rebound trend;(2) The concentration of particulate matter in Jiaozuo City was low in spring and summer and high in autumn and winter.The ozone concentration was high in spring and summer and low in autumn and winter.(3) There is a significant difference in the concentration of particulate matter or ozone among five state-controlled monitoring points in Jiaozuo City.(4) Environmental factors have a significant impact on the concentration of pollutants.In the 600 m buffer zone,there was a significant negative correlation between PM_(10) concentration and vegetation coverage in spring and summer.There was a significant positive correlation between the concentration of ozone and the area of impervious ground(including main roads,squares and plastic sites).In the 300-meter buffer zone,the concentration of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) showed a significant positive correlation with the sum of the area of low-rise buildings,main roads and squares in autumn and winter.Finally,this paper suggests that the air pollution in urban areas can be reduced by increasing afforestation and reducing impervious ground construction.