许昌市湖泊水体富营养化现状调查及生态净化方法研究

Investigation on Eutrophication Status and Ecological Purification Methods of Lakes in Xuchang City

选取西湖、东湖和鹿鸣湖等城市景观湖泊为研究对象,对叶绿素a(Chla)、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、透明度(SD)及高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))5项水质指标进行检测。结果表明:鹿鸣湖和东湖TN含量未超出地表水Ⅴ类标准(TN≤2 mg/L);鹿鸣湖和西湖TP含量未超出地表水Ⅳ类标准(TP≤0.1 mg/L);3个湖泊COD_(Mn)含量均未超过地表水Ⅱ类标准(COD_(Mn)≤4 mg/L);3个湖Chla含量比较为:西湖>东湖>鹿鸣湖,且西湖有3个采样点超过10 mg/m^(3);SD均值比较为:鹿鸣湖(2.15 m)>西湖(1.09 m)>东湖(0.73 m)。在此基础上,采用黄昌蒲和鸢尾开展富营养化水体净化研究,发现2种水生植物均能有效降低水体营养成分,净化后水体中的TN、TP含量均显著低于空白对照,其中黄昌蒲对TN的去除率可达95.50%。鸾尾净化效果低于黄菖蒲,但与对照相比,对TN、TP的去除效果依然明显,因此认为鸢尾有潜在的污水净化能力。

Selecting urban landscape lakes such as West Lake,East Lake,and Luming Lake as research objects,five water quality indicators including Chlorophyll a(Chla),Total Phosphorus(TP),Total Nitrogen(TN),Transparency(SD),and Permanganate Index(COD_(Mn)) were tested.The results showed that the TN content in Luming Lake and Donghu Lake did not exceed the Class V standard for surface water(TN ≤ 2 mg/L);the TP content in Luming Lake and West Lake does not exceed the Class Ⅳ standard for surface water(TP ≤ 0.1 mg/L);the COD_(Mn) content in all three lakes did not exceed the Class Ⅱ standard for surface water(COD_(Mn) ≤ 4 mg/L);the Chla content in three lakes was West Lake>East Lake>Luming Lake,and there were three sampling points in West Lake with Chla ≥ 10 mg/m~3;the average SD was Luming Lake(2.15 m)>West Lake(1.09 m)>East Lake(0.73 m).On this basis,Huangchangpu and Iris were used to purify eutrophic water bodies of two aquatic plants.It was found that both aquatic plants could effectively reduce the eutrophication indicators of water bodies.The TN and TP content in the water bodies after absorption and purification by the two ornamental plants were significantly lower than the blank control.Huangchangpu's TN removal rate could reach 95.50%.The relative purification effect of Luan tail is relatively low.Compared with the control,its removal effect on TN and TP was still significant.Therefore,it was believed that Iris has potential sewage purification ability.