预处理对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化的影响及分析

Influence and Analysis of Pretreatment on Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste

我国餐厨垃圾处理工艺主要以预处理+湿式厌氧消化为主。预处理的主要目的是去除不可降解的无机物;通过破碎、脱水、挤压等步骤尽可能将有机物溶解到浆液,浆液再去厌氧消化;去除浆液中的无机杂质和砂子;去除浆液中的油脂,避免对厌氧菌产生不利影响。分析了预处理过程的物理法、化学法、生物法及复合预处理法的优劣,并介绍了预处理在我国实际工程中的应用。通过选择合适的预处理方式和优化操作条件,可进一步提高甲烷产量和餐厨垃圾处理效率,实现对餐厨垃圾的充分消化。针对实际情况,结合餐厨垃圾的复杂性和特殊性,充分考虑项目的经济性、可行性及项目所在环境等因素,坚持统筹规划、因地制宜的原则,选择合适的餐厨垃圾预处理工艺,能够更好地应对城市化进程带来的餐厨垃圾问题,实现资源的循环利用和环境的持续改善。

In China,the main treatment process for food waste involves pretreatment followed by wet anaerobic digestion.The main purposes of pretreatment include removing non-degradable inorganic materials The organic matter is dissolved into the slurry as much as possible through crushing,dehydration,extrusion and other steps.The slurry is then deanaerobic digested.Additionally,the process includes the removal of inorganic impurities and sand from the slurry,as well as the removal of grease from the slurry to prevent adverse effects on anaerobic bacteria.This paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of various pretreatment processes,including physical,chemical,biological,and combined pretreatment methods.It also reviews the application of pretreatment in actual engineering projects in China.By selecting appropriate pretreatment methods and optimizing operational conditions,methane yield and efficiency in food waste treatment can be further enhanced,thus achieving thorough digestion of food waste.Considering the complexity and specificity of food waste,as well as the actual circumstances,it is essential to fully consider factors such as the project's economic viability,feasibility,and environmental conditions.Adhering to the principles of overall planning and adapting to local conditions,selecting appropriate food waste pretreatment technologies can better cope with the challenges posed by urbanization and achieve resource recycling and environmental improvement.