基于混合动力的氢燃料电池轨道车辆研究概述

OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ON HYDROGEN FUEL CELL RAIL VEHICLES BASED ON HYBRID POWER

氢燃料电池轨道车辆是一种以氢气作为燃料的新型供电制式轨道车辆,其零排放、低噪音、高效率等特点具有显著的社会效益和经济效益,也是轨道交通节能减排的重要途径之一。该文阐述了氢燃料电池的工作原理和系统组成以及氢燃料电池系统的研发进展和趋势;系统梳理了国内外氢燃料电池轨道车辆的研究及应用现状,主要从车辆类型、燃料电池功率、续航能力、最高运行速度、动力模式和储氢容量及压力等方面概括了差异点,分析了氢燃料电池混合动力模式的输出特性和在各环境下的动力匹配,证实了氢燃料电池和动力电池/超级电容形成的混合动力系统能更好地适应轨道车辆启停、怠速、持续高速以及爬坡等多种工况;最后,探讨了氢燃料电池的研究难点、氢气的储存及运输挑战以及氢燃料电池混合动力在轨道车辆上的发展潜力。

Hydrogen fuel cell rail vehicle is a new type of rail vehicle powered by hydrogen as fuel.Its characteristics of zero emission,low noise,and high efficiency have significant social and economic benefits,and it is also one of the important ways for rail transportation to save energy and reduce emissions.This paper expounds the working principle and system composition of hydrogen fuel cells,as well as the research and development progress and trends of hydrogen fuel cell systems.Systematically combs the research and application status of hydrogen fuel cell rail vehicles at home and abroad,mainly summarizes the differences in terms of vehicle type,fuel cell power,battery life,maximum operating speed,power mode,hydrogen storage capacity and pressure,and analyzes the output characteristics of hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power mode and power matching in various environments,confirming that the hybrid power system formed by hydrogen fuel cells and power batteries/super capacitors can better adapt to various working conditions such as start-stop,idling,continuous high speed and climbing of rail vehicles.Finally,the research difficulties of hydrogen fuel cells,the storage and transportation challenges of hydrogen,and the development potential of hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power in rail vehicles are discussed.