关中山地民居夏季热环境分析及被动式优化策略研究

STUDY ON SUMMER THERMAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS AND PASSIVE OPTIMIZATION STRATEGY OF GUANZHONG MOUNTAIN DWELLINGS

对关中山地典型民居开展夏季热环境测试,探究传统民居对山地气候的适应性原理;采用数值模拟的方法,分析热工设计参数对室内热环境的影响规律,获得关中山地民居的优化设计参数。结果表明,传统民居的生土墙具有良好的热惰性,能够抵御室外温度波动;阁楼开敞的格栅窗能够在夜间时段引入室外低温空气,起到隔热降温效果。此外,提高墙体热惰性、采用通风屋面、南向外窗设置遮阳构件、采用夜间通风技术对夏季室内热环境提升显著,当外墙热惰性指标为27.18、南向外窗遮阳投影系数为0.5、夜间通风时段为18:00—次日09:00并采用通风屋面时,关中山地民居室内空气温度平均值和最高值分别降低2.9℃和3.4℃。

The summer thermal environment of typical rural dwellings in the mountainous region of Guanzhong was measured to analyze the climatic adaptability to the mountainous climate of Guanzhong.Then,a series of numerical analyses were conducted to investigate the influence of building thermal design parameters on the indoor thermal environment and to obtain the optimal design parameters for modern dwelling buildings in the mountainous region of Guanzhong.The results showed that the thick raw earth walls of traditional residential building provide good thermal inertia and can effectively attenuate outdoor temperature fluctuations.The attic with open grill windows can introduce low temperature outdoor air and take away the heat stored in the attic during nighttime,for achieving the thermal insulation and cooling objectives.In addition,improving the thermal inertia of walls,adopting ventilated roofs,arranging sun-shading elements for south-facing windows and adopting night ventilation technology have significant effects on improving the indoor thermal environment in summer.The average and maximum indoor air temperature are reduced by 2.9℃and 3.4℃when the thermal inertia index of the external wall is 27.18,the projection factor of south-facing window shading is 0.5,the night ventilation time between 18 and 9 o'clock and the ventilated roof is used,respectively.