普及化阶段美国本科课程改革的实践向度及启示

The Practical Dimension and Enlightenment of American Undergraduate Curriculum Reform in the Popularization Stage

如何在课程设置中处理好学生的多样性、差异性与统一性的关系以实现高质量的人才培养目标是高等教育普及化阶段亟需处理的首要问题。普及化阶段美国本科课程改革转向综合化、选修化、灵活化的实践向度,扩展了学生的选择性与自主性,也有利于多重矛盾的消解。这给普及化阶段中国本科课程改革创新的启示是:丰富课程体系,满足多样化课程组合需求;增强课程体系的弹性,给予学生充分选择权;改革基层学术组织,推进课程资源共享机制;专业融合通识教育,倡导整合学习。

How to deal with the relationship between the diversity,difference and unity of students in the curriculum to achieve the goal of high-quality talent training is the primary issue that needs to be dealt with in the popularization stage of higher education.In the popularization stage,the undergraduate curriculum reform in the United States has shifted to the practical direction of integration,electization and flexibility,which has ex⁃panded students'selectivity and autonomy,and is also conducive to the resolution of multiple contradic⁃tions.The enlightenment for the reform and innovation of Chinese undergraduate curriculum in the populariza⁃tion stage is as follows:enrich the curriculum system to meet the needs of diversified curriculum combination;Strengthen the flexibility of the curriculum system and give students full choice;Reform the grass-roots aca⁃demic organization and promote the course resource sharing mechanism;Professional integration of general edu⁃cation,advocating integrated learning.