非遗如何成为学科:非遗学科建设的破与立

How Intangible Cultural Heritage Becomes a Discipline:Breaking and Building in the Construction of Intangible Cultural Heritage Discipline

对于以人民文化为本位的非遗大国来说,我们目前学科设置、人才培养与理论研究,严重滞后于非遗保护实践。非遗学科应具有理论研究、保护实践与人才培养三大任务,学科体系的核心是非遗保护的理论与实践研究。在非遗研究与学科建设中应该注意以下几方面:破除固有学科观念,建立新学科协同意识与机制;破除理论与实践的分离,建立理论观照实践,实践催生理论的互动关系;破除重器轻道、道器分离的非遗保护倾向,建立道器合一、相即不离的非遗保护传承理念与实践原则;破除单一项目保护方式,重视非遗保护传承环境与生态;破除非遗传承保护只重视经济生产而忽视社会生产与精神生活的工作重心的失衡;破除非遗人才培养的单一模式,建立非遗保护人才的国民教育体系。

For a large country with intangible cultural heritages(hereinafter called “ICH”) based on people's culture,our current disciplinary setup,talent cultivation,and theoretical research are seriously lagging behind the practice of safeguarding ICH.ICH discipline should have three major tasks:theoretical research,safeguarding practice,and talent cultivation,and the core of the discipline system is the theoretical and practical research on ICH safeguarding.In the research and discipline construction of ICH,we should break the inherent disciplinary concepts and build new disciplinary synergy consciousness and mechanism;break the separation of theory and practice,and build the interactive relationship of theory taking care of practice and practice giving rise to theory;break the tendency of ICH safeguarding that emphasizes “Objects”(器)over “Dao”(道)and separates “Dao” from “Objects”,and build the concept and practice principle of ICH safeguarding and inheriting that emphasizes the unity of “Dao” and “Objects”;break the single item safeguarding method,and pay attention to the environment and ecology of the ICH safeguarding and inheritance;break the imbalance of only paying attention to economic production and neglecting social production and spiritual life in ICH safeguarding and inheritance;break the single mode of cultivating ICH talents and build a national education system of ICH safeguarding talents.