月面科研站核反应堆电源系统发展现状

Development in Nuclear Reactor Power Systems for Lunar Research Station

伴随着月球科考与开发的全面展开,月面科研站的工程建设已逐渐提上日程,为月面科研站提供可靠、持续、长寿命的电力供应是先决条件。核反应堆电源系统,因适应月球各纬度地区和长昼夜交替条件,具有持续提供高功率输出、高能量密度和长寿命特点,被视为月面科研站能源系统主电源最有潜力的解决方案。本文首先总结了人类探月历史的演化,紧接着介绍了月面科研站能源系统面临的环境条件以及能源需求,然后介绍了月面核反应堆电源系统的结构和工作原理,并梳理了国内外当前各种月面科研站核反应堆电源系统的概念设计和开发阶段情况,最后对未来月面用核反应堆电源系统的发展前景进行了展望,并针对技术突破和应用需求提出了建议。

With the comprehensive expansion of lunar exploration and development,the construction of lunar research stations has gradually commenced.Providing reliable,sustainable,and long-life power supply for lunar research stations is a prerequisite.The nuclear reactor power system,characterized by its ability to adapt to various latitudes on the moon and alternating long periods of daylight and darkness,is considered the most promising solution for the primary power source of lunar research station energy systems,owing to its continuous provision of high-power output,high-energy density,and long-life.In this paper,the evolution of human lunar exploration was briefly summarized,followed by an introduction to the environmental conditions and energy requirements encountered by lunar research station power systems.The structure and operating principles of lunar nuclear reactor power systems were then presented.The conceptual designs and development stages of various domestic and international lunar research station nuclear reactor power systems were reviewed.Finally,the future prospects for the development of nuclear reactor power systems for lunar applications were discussed,with suggestions offered based on technological advancements and application needs.