核电子学在空间科学探测领域的应用

Applications of Nuclear Electronics in Field of Space Science Exploration

21世纪以来,随着科学技术的进步和对宇宙探索的不懈追求,我国成功发射了多颗空间科学卫星和深空探测载荷。在这些空间科学卫星或搭载的科学仪器中,核与粒子探测器发挥着至关重要的作用。核电子学作为探测器的重要组成部分,其功能涵盖前端信号放大读出、数字化、触发判选与处理等多个环节。空间科学探测中的核电子学除满足探测器在高分辨率、大动态范围、精确粒子鉴别和数据压缩等方面的需求,同时还须符合空间环境下的抗辐照、高可靠性和长寿命等工程要求。本文通过回顾核电子学在我国空间探测领域的应用,希望为核电子学技术在空间科学领域的进一步发展提供参考和见解。论文分析了几个空间科学任务中的核电子学设计方案,包括暗物质粒子探测卫星(Dark Matter Particle Explorer,DAMPE)、硬X射线调制望远镜(Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope,HXMT)、引力波暴高能电磁对应体全天监测器卫星(Gravitational Wave High-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor, GECAM)、天问一号(Tianwen-1)、先进天基太阳天文台(Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory, ASO-S)和爱因斯坦探针卫星(Einstein Probe,EP)等。在此基础上,本文进一步探讨了核电子学技术对于实现空间探测科学目标的重要性及其面临的挑战,包括创新性、空间环境适应能力等方面,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。核电子学是核与粒子探测的核心技术,在空间科学任务中,核电子学系统除必须满足对探测器信号进行精密读出等所需要达到的电性能参数方面的要求,还要确保在太空特殊环境中的长期可靠性。此外,随着科学目标的拓展和提升,空间探测任务对核电子学的数据处理和传输能力也提出了更高的要求。同时,受益于新材料、先进工艺和人工智能等技术的发展,未来的核电子学系统有望更紧凑、可靠和智能化。核电子学的持续发展有望为实现更高水平的空间科学探测提供强有力的支持,推动对宇宙空间的更深度探索。

Since the beginning of 21st century,with the advancement of science and technology and the relentless pursuit of space exploration,China has successfully launched multiple space science satellites and deep space exploration payloads.Nuclear and particle detectors play a crucial role among the scientific instruments carried by these satellites.As an essential part of these detectors,nuclear electronics encompasses various functions,including front-end signal readout,digitization,trigger,and data processing.In space science exploration,nuclear electronics must meet the requirements for high resolution,wide dynamic range,accurate particle identification,and data compression and comply with engineering demands such as radiation tolerance,high reliability,and long lifespan in the space environment.This paper aims to review the applications of nuclear electronics within China’s space exploration efforts.By doing so,it seeks to offer valuable references and insights for the further development of nuclear electronics technology in the field of space science.It analyzed the design schemes of nuclear electronics in several space science missions,including the Dark Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE),the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope(HXMT),the Gravitational Wave Highenergy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor(GECAM),Tianwen-1,the Advanced Spacebased Solar Observatory(ASO-S),and the Einstein Probe(EP).On this basis,the paper further discussed the importance of nuclear electronics technology in achieving the scientific objectives of space exploration,and its challenges,such as innovation and adaptation to the space environment,and provides an outlook on future development directions.Nuclear electronics is a pivotal technology in the realm of nuclear and particle detection.In space science missions,nuclear electronics systems must meet stringent electrical performance parameters including the precise readout of detector signals.Beyond these technical requirements,they must also guarantee long-term reliability in the harsh and unique environment of space.The demands on nuclear electronics have been escalating with the expansion and enhancement of scientific objectives,requiring more advanced capabilities in data processing and transmission for space exploration missions.The evolution of nuclear electronics is closely tied to advancements in new materials,cutting-edge manufacturing processes,and artificial intelligence technologies.These advancements promise to yield future nuclear electronics systems that are more compact,reliable,and intelligent.The ongoing and future advancements in nuclear electronics are expected to significantly bolster the capabilities of space science missions.By leveraging new technologies and methodologies,the field of nuclear electronics is expected to provide strong support for achieving higher levels of future space science exploration,driving deeper understanding of the universe.