肿瘤放射治疗的发展

Development of Radiotherapy for Cancer

恶性肿瘤是目前人类死亡的主要原因之一,以美国为代表的发达国家中,超过半数的肿瘤患者在治疗过程中需要单独或联合使用放射治疗。过去的半个世纪以来,放射治疗围绕着“增效减毒”的原则展开技术迭代,不断和手术、化疗以及新兴的免疫疗法等其他手段相结合,极大地提高了治疗疗效和可及性。21世纪以来,通过采用更先进的剂量递送方式、结合实时影像的自适应规划、引入人工智能和新的粒子辐射类型等先进技术,放射治疗的安全性和有效性都得到了提高。本文回顾了近几十年来放射治疗领域的技术进步,展示了在加速器平台上进行高剂量率放射治疗研究的典型案例,总结了放射治疗相关的新兴研究热点,并对该领域的发展方向做出了展望。

Malignant tumor is one of the leading causes of human mortality,with more than half of cancer patients requiring radiotherapy during treatment in developed country especially in USA.Over the past decades,radiotherapy has evolved around the principle of“enhancing efficacy while reducing toxicity”continuously integrating with surgery,chemotherapy,and immunotherapy,greatly improving treatment outcomes and accessibility.In 21st century,advancements in radiotherapy have been achieved through the adoption of more advanced dose delivery techniques,incorporation of real-time adaptive planning,introduction of artificial intelligence,and new types of radiation particles.This article reviews the technological advancements in radiotherapy over recent decades,showcasing typical cases of high dose rate radiotherapy research on accelerator platforms,summarizing emerging research hotspots in radiotherapy,and providing prospects for the future direction of the field.